辖区铁路机车车辆驾驶人员职业健康检查结果分析  

Analysis of the results of the occupational health examinations of railway locomotive and rolling stock drivers from the region under the jurisdiction

作　　者：龙隆 余文杰 胡成 杜丽 宋晓玲 李罗 刘世刚 白小宇 LONG Long;YU Wenjie;HU Cheng;DU Li;SONG Xiaoling;LI Luo;LIU Shigang;BAI Xiaoyu(Chongqing Institute for Disease Prevention and Control of Chengdu Railway Group Co.,Ltd,Chongqing 400014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路成都局集团有限公司重庆疾病预防控制所,重庆400014

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第12期1234-1238,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：中国铁路成都局集团有限公司科技开发项目(CX2089)。

摘　　要：目的 了解辖区铁路机车车辆驾驶人员的职业健康检查结果,探讨不同类型机车驾驶人员检查结果存在差异的原因,为驾驶人员健康评价和干预措施提供参考。方法 2020年采用χ^(2)检验比较普速列车和高速列车驾驶人员的健康检查结果。结果 本次共调查铁路机车车辆驾驶人员806人,均为男性。各项指标异常检出率由高到低依次为血压(10.30%)、心电图(8.31%)、尿常规(6.70%)、胸透(5.96%)、听力(4.34%)、血常规(2.85%)。不同年龄组高速列车驾驶人员血压、听力、尿常规异常情况差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(血压)=14.130,P=0.001;χ^(2)_(听力)=10.159,P=0.003;χ^(2)_(尿常规)=15.232,P<0.001);不同年龄组普速列车驾驶人员心电图、血压、听力和胸透异常情况差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(心电图))=15.201,P=0.001;χ^(2)_(血压)=21.210,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(听力)=37.618,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(胸透)=7.924,P=0.013)。结论 在多种不良因素共同作用下,机车车辆驾驶人员健康状况不容乐观,普速列车驾驶人员的健康状况相比高速列车驾驶人员稍差。Objective To understand the occupational health examination results of railway locomotive and rolling stock drivers from the region under the jurisdiction,to explore the reasons for the differences in the examination results of locomotive and rolling stock drivers of different types,and to provide references for health evaluation and intervention measures for drivers.Methods The Chi-square test was used to compare the physical examination results of drivers on common-speed and high-speed trains in 2020.Results A total of 806 railway locomotive and rolling stock drivers were surveyed,all of whom were male.The detection rates of abnormalities for each indicator in descending order were blood pressure(10.30%),electrocardiogram(8.31%),urine routine(6.70%),chest X-ray(5.96%),hearing routine(4.34%),and blood routine(2.85%).There were statistically significant differences in blood pressure,hearing,and urine routine abnormalities among high-speed train drivers of different age groups(χ^(2)_(b lood pressure)=14.130,P=0.001;χ^(2)_(hearing routine)=10.159,P=0.003;χ^(2)_(urine routine)=15.232,P<0.001).There were statistically significant differences in electrocardiogram,blood pressure,hearing and chest X-ray abnormalities among common-speed train drivers of different age groups(χ^(2)_(e lectrocardiogram)=15.201,P=0.001;χ^(2)_(b lood pressure)=21.210,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(hearing routine)=37.618,P<0.001;χ^(2)_(c hest X-ray)=7.924,P=0.013).Conclusion Under the combined effect of multiple adverse factors,the health status of locomotive and rolling stock driver is not optimistic,and the health status of common-speed train drivers is slightly worse than that of high-speed train train drivers.

关 键 词：铁路 铁路机车车辆驾驶人员 健康检查 健康状况 危害分析 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]