2012—2022年广州市天河区登革热疫情流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiologic features of dengue fever epidemic in Tianhe District,Guangzhou City from 2012 to 2022

作　　者：江淑仪 余柏云 蒋明明 刘培丽 叶新[1] 陈妍君 JIANG Shuyi;YU Baiyun;JIANG Mingming;LIU Peili;Ye Xin;CHEN Yanjun(Disinfection and Insecticide Department,Guangzhou Tianhe Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510655,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市天河区疾病预防控制中心消毒杀虫部,广东广州510655

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第11期1054-1060,共7页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金项目(B202005)。

摘　　要：目的分析广州市天河区近年登革热疫情流行特征,为制定该地区登革热防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2012—2022年广州市天河区登革热疫情资料和2017—2022年蚊媒监测数据,计量资料使用方差分析,计数资料使用χ^(2)检验。结果2012—2022年天河区共报告登革热病例3998例(本地病例3910例),除2020—2022年保持低发水平外,本地疫情3~5年发生1次的趋势,发病时间为5—12月;输入疫情12个月均有报告,输入地主要为东南亚;本地病例的诊断时长与境外输入病例差异无统计学意义(F=1.484,P>0.05),诊断时长呈逐年下降趋势(F=15.635,P<0.05);社区卫生服务中心/站/乡镇卫生院/门诊部诊断的病例仅占总病例的1.45%,诊断时长较其他类型医疗机构的长(F=7.920,P<0.05)。2017—2022年蚊媒监测结果显示,4—11月蚊媒密度中高风险率较其他月份高(χ^(2)=989.750,P<0.05)。结论天河区登革热疫情未转为地方性流行传染病,主要为输入疫情引起,加强入境管理尤为重要,同时应加强医疗机构特别是基层医疗机构的诊疗检测能力,强化日常蚊媒控制工作,强调精准防控。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Tianhe District,Guangzhou City in recent years,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of dengue fever in this area.Methods Data of dengue fever epidemics in Tianhe District of Guangzhou City from 2012 to 2022 and mosquito vector surveillance data from 2017 to 2022 were collected.Analysis of variance was used for measurement data andχ^(2) test was used for count data.Results A total of 3998 cases of dengue fever(3910 local cases)were reported in Tianhe District from 2012 to 2022.In addition to maintaining a low level of incidence from 2020 to 2022,the local epidemics had a tendency to occur once every 3-5 years,with reporting occurring from May to December.Imported epidemic were reported in all 12 months,with the major source of importation in Southeast Asia.There was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic durations of local cases and imported cases from abroad(F=1.484,P>0.05),and the diagnostic durations showed a downward trend year by year(F=15.635,P<0.05).The cases diagnosed in community health centers/stations/rural hospitals/outpatient departments accounted for only 1.45%of the total cases,and the diagnostic durations was longer than that of the other types of medical institutions(F=7.920,P<0.05).The results of mosquito vector surveillance from 2017 to 2022 showed a higher rate of moderate to high risk of mosquito vector density from April to November compared to other months(χ^(2)=989.750,P<0.05).Conclusion The dengue fever epidemic in Tianhe District has not turned into an endemic infectious disease,mainly caused by imported epidemics.It is particularly important to strengthen the management of entry into the country.At the same time,the diagnostic and detection capacity of medical institutions,especially primary health care institutions,should be strengthened,and routine mosquito vector control work should be reinforced,emphasizing precise prevention and control.

关 键 词：登革热 流行病学 病毒分型 诊断时长 蚊媒监测 广州市天河区 

分 类 号：R183.5[医药卫生—流行病学]