基于电气化率提升的社区光伏系统规划指标研究  

Study on a Community Photovoltaic System Planning Index Based on the Improvement of the Electrification Rate

作　　者：张时聪 刘常平 徐伟 杨芯岩 ZHANG Shicong;LIU Changping;XU Wei;YANG Xinyan(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Jianke EET Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]建科环能科技有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《建筑科学》2024年第10期76-85,共10页Building Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作“零碳建筑(社区)评价关键技术研究与示范”(编号:2022YFE0134100);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目“高比例可再生能源应用情景下近零能耗社区能源系统规划研究”(编号:K20220997);中国建筑科学研究院有限公司青年科研基金“基于碳排放总量控制的零碳社区关键技术指标与增量成本研究”(编号:20220109331030024)。

摘　　要：社区能源系统电气化率提升是建筑领域响应“双碳”目标的发展趋势,本文根据不同气候区社区气候条件、能源结构,结合低碳、近零碳、零碳社区的降碳指标要求,确定社区能耗构成和可再生能源发电能力,提出“社区光伏综合面积比”定义和简化计算方法,对社区光伏发电替代燃气、传统供暖和市政电力的可行性进行研究,结合案例验证“社区光伏综合面积比”指标的合理性,并建议将其作为社区提升电气化率的潜在规划指标。研究发现,以全年为衡量周期,从能量平衡角度,当社区光伏综合面积比达到9%时,各气候区均有实现光伏发电代替燃气的可能;当严寒、寒冷气候区基准社区的社区光伏综合面积比达到12.5%、5.5%,低碳社区达到6.2%和4.0%时,实现光伏发电代替传统供暖的可能性较大;在光伏发电取代市政电力方面,近零碳、零碳社区实现潜力较大,当严寒、寒冷气候区的社区光伏综合面积比达到19%,夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖气候区达到25%,温和气候区达到14%时,近零碳、零碳社区的全部能源需求均可由光伏发电提供。Improving the electrification rate of community energy systems is the development trend of the building sector to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. According to the community climate conditions and energy structure of different climate zones, combined with carbon reduction requirements of low-carbon, nearly-zero carbon, and zero-carbon communities, this paper determined the composition of community energy consumption, and renewable energy generation capacity, and presented the definition and simplified calculation method of the community photovoltaic comprehensive area ratio. A study was conducted to identify the feasibility photovoltaic power generation in communities to replace gas, traditional heating and municipal electricity. Through a case study, the rationality of the community photovoltaic comprehensive area ratio was verified, and the ratio was recommended as a potential planning index for communities to improve the electrification rate. Research findings showed that in the measurement cycle of a whole year, photovoltaic generation is likely to replace gas in all the climate zones when the community photovoltaic comprehensive area ratio reaches 9%;to replace electric heating, the community photovoltaic comprehensive area ratio of benchmark communities in severely cold and cold climate zones needs to reach 12.5% and 5.5%, while it needs to reach 6.2% and 4.0%, respectively in low-carbon communities;in terms of photovoltaic power generation replacing municipal power, nearly-zero carbon communities and zero-carbon communities have great potential to meet the requirements. In order to make renewable energy meet all the energy needs of nearly zero carbon and zero carbon communities, the community photovoltaic comprehensive area ratio should reach 19% in severely cold and cold climate zones, 25% in hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter climate zones, and 14% in mild climate zones.

关 键 词：社区 能源系统 光伏系统 社区光伏综合面积比 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TK511[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]