基于贴花渲染的历史建筑表观损伤孪生技术研究  

Study on Apparent Damage Twin Techniques of Historical Buildings Based on Decal Rendering

作　　者：童宇 任瑛楠 孙沈鹏 谷志旺 马思齐 TONG Yu;REN Yingnan;SUN Shenpeng;GU Zhiwang;MA Siqi(Shanghai Construction No.4(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201103,China)

机构地区：[1]上海建工四建集团有限公司,上海201103

出　　处：《建筑施工》2024年第11期1812-1816,共5页Building Construction

基　　金：上海市“科技创新行动计划”启明星项目(23QB1403300)。

摘　　要：随着数字信息技术的不断发展,以三维模型为底座的数字孪生技术为历史建筑保护工作提供了新的解决思路。但目前三维模型底座属于静态数据,无法动态反映历史建筑本体状态的演变。为此,选取历史建筑中出现频率较高、具有一定危害性的表观损伤为对象,针对其在三维模型上展示、更新难的问题,研发了基于贴花渲染的表观损伤孪生技术。首先通过Unity 3D渲染引擎漫游查看三维模型,交互获取损伤位置;其次利用采集获取的损伤图像,综合计算机视觉及贴花渲染方法生成贴花缓存;最后融合原物体表面数据渲染模型场景,实现现实世界表观损伤形态向虚拟模型空间中的精准映射。基于该技术的历史建筑预防性保护平台在上海音乐厅项目中进行了实际应用。实践证明,该平台能够支撑三维模型上表观损伤的动态更新及直观展示,为历史建筑表观损伤的管理工作提供可视化工具。With the continuous development of digital information technology,digital twin techniques based on 3D models provide new solutions for the protection of historical buildings.However,current 3D model bases are static data,which cannot dynamically reflect the evolution of historical building states.Therefore,apparent damage with high frequency and certain harmfulness in historical buildings is selected as the object.The apparent damage twin techniques based on decal rendering are developed to address the challenges of display and update on 3D models.First,the 3D model is roamed through the Unity 3D rendering engine to obtain the damage location interactively.Then,the decal cache is generated using collected damage images,computer vision,and decal rendering methods.Finally,the model scene is rendered by fusing the surface data of the original object,realizing accurate mapping of apparent damage morphology from the real world to the virtual model space.The preventive protection platform for historical buildings based on these techniques has been applied in the Shanghai Concert Hall project.Practice proves that the platform can support dynamic updates and intuitive displays of apparent damage on 3D models,providing a visual tool for the management of apparent damage in historical buildings.

关 键 词：历史建筑 三维模型 贴花渲染 表观损伤 数字孪生技术 历史建筑预防性保护平台 

分 类 号：TU746[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]