简论欧美国家的地理标志产品保护模式  

A brief discussion on the protection modes of geographical indication products in European and American countries

作　　者：胡晓云[1] 万琰 HU Xiaoyun;WAN Yan(Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学

出　　处：《中国食品安全》2024年第6期82-89,共8页CHINA FOOD SAFETY

摘　　要：地理标志是国际通用的法律术语,具有鲜明的地域指向性。作为地方风土的典型产物,地理标志产品的价值不仅体现在产品维度的溢价能力和市场竞争优势上,还兼具商业、社会与文化价值,能够成为推动我国乡村振兴的有生力量。目前,对地理标志予以法律保护已成为国际社会的共识,但各国之间,也存在“主观认知”与“客观关联”、“声誉”与“风土”的理念差异,以及商标法、专门法两种保护模式的博弈:以欧盟各成员国为首的诸多国家通过专门立法对地理标志实施保护,即“欧洲式专门法”保护模式;以美国为首的部分国家,由于缺少地理标志保护传统,地理标志资源也相对有限,采取以商标体系为地理标志提供法律框架的保护模式,即“美国式商标法”保护模式。了解两者的法律逻辑与顶层设计差异并进行比较,有利于为我国地理标志“土特产”的进一步保护与发展提供借鉴。Geographical indication is an internationally used legal term with a distinct geographical orientation.As typical local products,geographical indications not only have premium ability and market competitive advantage in the product dimension,but also have commercial,social and cultural value,and can become an effective force in promoting the revitalization of rural areas in China.At present,it has become a consensus of the international community to give legal protection to geographical indications.However,there are differences in the concepts of“subjective cognition”and“objective association”,“reputation”and“terroir”between countries,as well as the game between the two protection modes of the sui generis schemes and trademark law:Many countries,led by the European Union,protect geographical indications through special legislation,namely the“EU-style sui generis schemes”;Some countries,led by the United States,due to the lack of geographical indication protection traditions and the limited geographical indication resources,use the trademark regime to provide a legal framework for geographical indications,namely the“US-style trademark law system”.Understanding and comparing the differences in the legal logic and top-level design of the two will help further protection and development of geographical indications of China.

关 键 词：地理标志保护 土特产 欧洲式专门法保护模式 美国式商标法保护模式 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]