益生菌和中草药复方制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫、代谢能力和肠道组织结构的影响  

Effects of probiotics and traditional Chinese herbal compound preparation on growth,non-specific immunity,metabolic capability and intestinal tissue structure of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：麻丹萍 王晓璐 王友红 于晓清 樊英 盖春蕾 许拉 侯富晟 MA Danping;WANG Xiaolu;WANG Youhong;YU Xiaoqing;FAN Ying;GAI Chunlei;XU La;HOU Fusheng(Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province(National Oceanographic Center,Qingdao),Key Laboratory for Disease Control in Mariculture Shandong Province of Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application,Qingdao 266104,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心),山东省海水养殖病害防治重点实验室,青岛市水产生物品质评价与利用工程研究中心,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《水产科技情报》2024年第6期381-389,共9页Fisheries Science & Technology Information

基　　金：国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48);山东省虾蟹产业技术体系(SDAIT-13)。

摘　　要：为研究益生菌和中草药复方制剂对工厂化养殖凡纳滨对虾生长、非特异性免疫、代谢能力和肠道组织结构的影响,将初始体质量(2.0±0.2)g的2250尾凡纳滨对虾随机分为3组,每组3个平行,每个平行250尾,其中对照组无添加,试验组1添加多肽+氨基酸+枯草芽孢杆菌代谢物,试验组2添加大蒜提取物+肉桂提取物+菊苣提取物+枯草芽孢杆菌,添加量为3 g/kg基础饲料。30 d养殖周期结束后,通过分析对虾的生长指标、肌肉营养成分、血清非特异性免疫酶和代谢酶活性以及肠道组织结构的变化以分析复方制剂的应用效果。试验结果显示:两组复方制剂均可提高对虾的体质量相对增长率和体质量特定生长率(P<0.05),且试验组2效果更好;试验组1对虾肌肉粗脂肪和呈味氨基酸含量较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验组对虾血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的活性较对照组均有所增强,其中试验组2与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性较对照组有所降低;试验组对虾血清中谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性较对照组有所升高,其中试验组1与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);试验组对虾的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、己糖激酶(HK)活性与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);肠道组织H.E染色结果显示,两组复方制剂均可改善对虾肠道组织结构,降低绒毛层脱落现象。试验结果表明,在工厂化养殖基础饲料中添加3 g/kg复方制剂2(大蒜提取物+肉桂提取物+菊苣提取物+枯草芽孢杆菌)可显著促进凡纳滨对虾生长,提高其非特异性免疫和代谢能力,优化肠道组织结构,综合提高对虾免疫水平。To investigate the effects of probiotics and traditional Chinese herbal compound preparation on growth performance,non-specific immunity,metabolic capability and intestinal tissue structure of Litopenaeus vannamei under the industrial farming model,2250 L.vannamei with an initial body weight of(2.0±0.2)g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates,each replicate with 250 inds.The control diet was basic feed without any additives.The test diet 1 was basic feed supplemented with peptides+amino acids+Bacillus subtilis.The test diet 2 was basic feed supplemented with garlic(Allium sativum L.)extract+cinnamon(Cinnamomum cassia L.)extract+chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)extract+Bacillus subtilis.The supplemented dosage of two test diets was 3 g/kg basic feed.After a 30-day culture cycle,the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of shrimp fed two test diets were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the performance of test diet 2 was the best.The crude fat and flavor amino acid content of shrimp fed two test diets were significantly higher than the control(P<0.05).The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),catalase(CAT),lysozyme(LSZ)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)of two test groups were increased compared to the control group,and significant difference was observed between group 2 and control(P<0.05).However,the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and acid phosphatase(ACP)in the test groups were significantly decreased compared with the control(P<0.05).The activities of glutamine synthetase(GS)in test groups were increased,and the significant differences were observed between test group 1 and the control(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in activities of malate dehydrogenase(MDH)and hexokinase(HK)among 3 treatments(P>0.05).H&E staining showed that both compound formulations could improve the intestinal tissue structure and reduce the villi shedding.The results indicated that supplemented 3 g/kg compo

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 中草药 益生菌 非特异性免疫 营养代谢 肠道组织 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]