钾肥和氮肥配施对北疆棉花干物质积累分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Potassium and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Substances Production and Yield of Cotton in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：唐江华[1] 孟令贻 伍林 徐文修[1] 陈楚豪 王梓豪 TANG Jiang-hua;MENG Ling-yi;WU Lin;XU Wen-xiu;CHEN Chu-hao;WANG Zi-hao(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Research Center for Cotton Engineering,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/棉花教育部工程中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2024年第1期19-26,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001001)。

摘　　要：为探究不同钾肥用量对氮肥减量下棉花干物质积累分配及产量的影响,采用裂区试验设计,设置施钾量为主区,分别为0、120.0、240.0 kg/hm^(2)3个水平;施氮量为副区,分别为地方常规施氮(375.0 kg/hm^(2))、10%减量施氮(337.5 kg/hm^(2))、20%减量施氮(300.0 kg/hm^(2))、30%减量施氮(262.5 kg/hm^(2))和不施氮(0 kg/hm^(2))5个水平,共15个处理。于2023年在沙湾市大泉乡进行田间试验,研究分析了减氮增钾对棉花产量、净光合速率、SPAD、干物质积累及分配的影响。结果表明,施钾240.0 kg/hm^(2)、施氮337.5 kg/hm^(2)处理棉花产量达7704.51 kg/hm^(2),较常规施氮不施钾处理显著提高28.05%,减氮10%~20%、配施240.0 kg/hm^(2)钾肥较不施钾肥常规施氮处理显著提高了棉花的净光合速率、单株干物质积累量,营养器官干物质积累量、生殖器官干物质积累量,提高了单铃重和单株铃数。增施240.0 kg/hm^(2)钾肥和减施10%氮肥(337.5 kg/hm^(2))可实现减氮增产的效果。In order to explore the impact of different potassium fertilizer dosages on the production and yield of cotton photosynthetic substances under nitrogen fertilizer reduction,this experiment adopted a split-plot experimental design,set the potassium application dosage as the main area,respectively 0 kg/hm^(2),120.0 kg/hm^(2)and 240.0 kg/hm^(2)three levels;The nitrogen reduction amounts were treated as the sub-area:the conventional nitrogen application amount(375.0 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen reduction 10%(337.5 kg/hm^(2)),nitrogen reduction 20%(300.0 kg/hm^(2)),30%nitrogen reduction(262.5 kg/hm^(2))and no nitrogen application(0 kg/hm^(2)),altogether five levels,for a total of 15 treatment combinations.A field experiment was conducted in 2023 to study and analyze the effects of increased nitrogen reduction on cotton yield,dry matter accumulation and distribution,net photosynthetic rate,leaf area index and SPAD.The results showed that under the treatment of 240.0 kg/hm^(2)K and 337.5 kg/hm^(2)N,the cotton yield reached 7704.51 kg/hm^(2),which was 28.05%higher than that under the treatment of conventional N and no K.The net photosynthetic rate,dry matter accumulation per plant,dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs and reproductive organs of cotton significantly increased the weight of boll per plant and boll numberper plant when nitrogen was reduced by 10%-20%combined with 240.0 kg/hm^(2)potassium fertilization compared with conventional nitrogen treatment without potassium fertilization.In summary,increasing the application of 240.0 kg/hm^(2)potassium fertilizer and reducing the application of 10%nitrogen fertilizer(337.5 kg/hm^(2))can achieve the effects of nitrogen reduction and yield increase.

关 键 词：棉花 减氮 施钾 光合物质生产 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]