基于事故容错燃料的高燃耗组件研究进展  

A Complete Review on the Accident Tolerant Fuel for the High Burnup Assembly

作　　者：付浩 彭振驯 廖业宏 薛佳祥 沈朝 周张健[4] FU Hao;PENG Zhenxun;LIAO Yehong;XUE Jiaxiang;SHEN Zhao;ZHOU Zhangjian(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center,Beijing 100082,China;China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]中广核研究院有限公司,广东深圳518000 [3]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240 [4]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第22期107-118,共12页Materials Reports

摘　　要：针对核电高经济性和高安全性的目标,高燃耗(大于62 GWd/MTU)成为核燃料的发展趋势,然而,燃耗加深势必会导致芯块和包壳性能衰退甚至失效,引发安全隐患。本文首先回顾和梳理高燃耗状态传统UO_(2)芯块-Zr合金包壳核燃料系统所面临的挑战,如芯块边缘高燃耗结构(HBS)形成-迅速扩展、裂变气体释放份额增大、燃料棒内压增大、包壳腐蚀和吸氢量加剧以及失水事故(LOCA)工况芯块碎裂-迁移-重置现象等,并以相关问题为切入点厘清关键对策。然后,归纳总结现阶段核工业界近期型事故容错燃料(ATF)方案研究进展和成果,重点阐述主流Cr涂层锆合金包壳和大晶粒UO_(2)芯块ATF候选材料的关键服役性能,包括裂变气体释放、芯块-包壳接触压力、包壳水侧腐蚀及高温蒸汽氧化-淬火行为等。同时,对比分析Cr涂层锆合金包壳+大晶粒UO_(2)芯块相较于传统核燃料系统服役优势,尤其是高燃耗状态,研究表明近期型ATF方案在高燃耗项目中极具应用潜力。本文概述的内容有助于加深核工业工作者对高燃耗项目的理解,同时为我国自主研发ATF和高燃耗项目相结合提供参考,助力提升核电经济性、安全性与可靠性。In the pursuit of the dual objectives of heightened economic efficiency and enhanced safety,the trend of achieving high burnup levels,exceeding 62 GWd/MTU,has become a prominent focal point in nuclear fuel development.However,it is imperative to recognize that increasing burnup levels inevitably introduce challenges,leading to the degradation and potential failure of both fuel pellets and cladding materials,thus giving rise to safety concerns.This paper initiates with a comprehensive examination and delineation of the challenges confronted by conventional UO_(2) fuel pellet and Zr alloy cladding when operating under high burnup conditions.For instance,the formation and rapid propagation of high burnup structures at the periphery of pellets,increasing proportion of fission gas release,heightened internal pressures within fuel rods,enhancement of corrosion associated with hydrogen pickup of claddings.In addition,the fragmentation,relocation,and dispersal of fuel pellets during the loss of coolant accident scenarios.This paper elucidates the critical strategies employed to address the above challenges effectively.Subsequently,the article consolidates and summarizes the recent developments and accomplishments within the nuclear industry pertaining to accident tolerant fuel.It places particular emphasis on the critical in-service performance of Cr-coated Zr alloy claddings and large-grained UO_(2) fuel pellet,including fission gas release,pellet and cladding mechanical interactions,corrosion of cladding in aqueous environments,and high-temperature steam oxidation and quenching behavior.Simultaneously,the paper conducts a comparative analysis between the Cr-coated Zr alloy cladding and large-grained UO_(2) fuel pellets ATF project with the traditional nuclear fuel system.Particular attention is given to operational advantages,particularly in the context of high burnup conditions.The research findings strongly suggest the recent ATF projects hold significant promise for application in high burnup projects.This review ai

关 键 词：高燃耗 燃料组件 事故容错燃料 Cr涂层锆合金包壳 大晶粒UO 2芯块 

分 类 号：TL352.1[核科学技术—核技术及应用]