人工漂珠制备吸声材料的降噪性能研究  

Study on the Noise Reduction Performance of Sound-absorbing Materials Prepared by Artificial Floating Beads

作　　者：周辉 莫继良[1] 张蒙祺 王好平 陈伟[1] 龚柯梦 ZHOU Hui;MO Jiliang;ZHANG Mengqi;WANG Haoping;CHEN Wei;GONG Kemeng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Automation,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]成都信息工程大学自动化学院,成都610225

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第22期132-138,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22A20181,52005419);四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0859)。

摘　　要：中低频噪音污染已是影响人类身心健康的重要环境污染之一,开发中低频吸声系数高、制造成本低的吸声材料一直以来都是降噪行业的重要目标。人工漂珠(简称漂珠)既可以通过收集矿石开采后废弃的小颗粒矿砂获得,又可以通过粉碎矿石形成所需粒径的矿砂,然后再经矿砂预热、煅烧等工艺获得。其表面和内部具有大量孔隙,因而具备潜在的吸声性能,但其用作吸声材料的潜力尚未得到充分的探索。本工作旨在探讨由漂珠制成的吸声材料的吸声性能。采用不同粒径搭配不同用量的漂珠和粘合剂制备四种吸声材料样品,对其微观形貌进行表征,统计孔隙面积分布,并用阻抗管测量四种材料的吸声系数。结果表明,在本工作所涉及的参数范围内,四种吸声材料在400~1000 Hz频率上均可有效吸收噪声(吸声系数大于0.2)。随着粒径小、孔隙小的漂珠用量的增加,漂珠制备的材料的吸声能力逐步增强,主要是由于孔隙的减小延长了声波在材料内部的传播路径。此外,不同粒径搭配不同漂珠用量还会影响材料吸声系数峰值所对应的频率;换言之,可以通过漂珠配比的针对性设计,加强吸声材料对某一给定频率噪声的敏感度。本研究可为开发以漂珠为主要成分的低成本吸声材料提供新的思路。Low-frequency noise pollution has become one of the important environmental pollutants that affect human physical and mental health.The development of low-frequency sound-absorbing materials with high absorption coefficients and low manufacturing costs has always been a significant goal in the noise reduction industry.Artificial floating beads(referred to as floating beads)can be obtained by collecting small particles of abandoned ore after mining or by crushing ore to obtain the required particle size.Then they are prepared using processes such as preheating and calcination.The floating beads have abundant pores on the surface and inside,and therefore have potential sound absorption capabilities.However,their potential as sound-absorbing materials has not been fully explored.This study aims to investigate the sound absorption performance of sound-absorbing materials made from floating beads.Four types of sound-absorbing material samples were prepared by combining floating beads and binders with different particle sizes and dosages.The microstructure of the samples was characterized,and the distribution of pore area was statistically analyzed.The sound absorption coefficients of the four materials were measured using impedance tubes.The results showed that within the parameter range of this study,all four types of sound-absorbing materials effectively absorbed noise in the frequency range of 400—1000 Hz(with sound absorption coefficients greater than 0.2).With an increasing in the dosage of floating beads with smaller particle sizes and smaller pores,the sound absorption capacity of the materials prepared from floating beads gradually increased.This was mainly due to the decreasing in pore size,which prolonged the propagation path of sound waves within the material.In addition,the combination of different particle sizes and dosages of floating beads also affected the peak frequency corresponding to the sound absorption coefficient of the materials.In other words,by designing the floating bead ratio,the sensitiv

关 键 词：漂珠 微观结构 吸声材料 吸声系数 

分 类 号：TB321[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]