双相钢与铝合金异种金属激光焊接技术研究进展  

Advances in Laser Welding Technology for Dissimilar Metal Joining of Dual-phase Steel and Aluminium Alloy

作　　者：李昂 曾一达 李智勇 贺荣[3] 郭正华[1] 陈玉华[1] 江一 杨子睿 LI Ang;ZENG Yida;LI Zhiyong;HE Rong;GUO Zhenghua;CHEN Yuhua;JIANG Yi;YANG Zirui(School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China;Jiangxi Changhe Aviation Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jingdezhen 333002,Jiangxi,China;Jiangling Motors Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330200,China;School of Metallurgy and Materials,University of Birmingham,Birmingham B152SE,United Kingdom)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学航空制造工程学院,南昌330063 [2]江西昌河航空工业有限公司,江西景德镇333002 [3]江铃汽车股份有限公司,南昌330200 [4]伯明翰大学冶金与材料学院,英国伯明翰B152SE

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第22期214-222,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52105451);江西省杰出青年基金(20232ACB214013);江西省重大科技研发专项(20194ABC28001);江西省重点研发计划重点项目(20212BBE51007)。

摘　　要：随着汽车行业对减重、节能需求的增加,近年来铝合金等轻质材料广泛应用在车身结构件中。双相钢与铝合金异种金属激光焊接中,材料物化性能差异大导致焊缝成形差、接头强度低,主要原因是钢/铝界面处生成的Fe-Al金属间化合物(Intermetallic compounds,IMC)脆性大、硬度高,焊接接头存在较大的残余应力,致使焊接接头性能恶化。本文综述了工艺窗口和冶金调控对焊缝成形的影响规律,并阐述了飞溅、烧损、裂纹等焊接缺陷的控制措施,总结了焊接参数和不同中间层元素对界面中间相的种类、数量以及接头力学性能的影响规律,分析了不同中间层元素(Pb、Sn、Ti、Cu、Mn、Si等)在焊接过程的作用和特点,并展望了双相钢/铝合金异种金属激光焊接的未来发展趋势。With the increasing demand for weight reduction and energy saving in the automotive industry,lightweight materials such as aluminium alloys have been widely used in body structures in recent years.In dissimilar metal laser welding of dual-phase steel and aluminium alloy,poor weld formation and low joint strength due to large differences in material physical and chemical properties are mainly attributed to the high brittleness and hardness of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds(IMC)generated at the steel/aluminium interface,which large residual stresses in welded joints deteriorate the performance of welded joints.In this paper,the influence laws of process window and metallurgical regulation on weld formation are reviewed,and the control measures of welding defects such as spatters,loss,cracks,etc.are illustrated.The influence laws of welding parameters and different intermetallic elements on the types and quantities of interfacial intermetallic phases as well as the mechanical properties of joints are summarised,and the roles and characteristics of different intermetallic elements(Pb,Sn,Ti,Cu,Mn,Si,etc.)in the welding process are analysed,and the role and characteristics of different intermetallic elements in the weld process are presented.It also looks forward to the future development trend of laser welding of dissimilar metals of dual-phase steel/aluminium alloy.

关 键 词：激光焊接 双相钢 异种金属 中间相 

分 类 号：TG44[金属学及工艺—焊接]