西安市室内微生物污染现状及净化器效果评估  

Current status of indoor microbial pollution and evaluation of air purifier effectiveness in Xi′an

作　　者：常玲[1] 张锋[1] 刘萍[1] 高凡 胡健 米鸽 赵永钢[1] 刘冬[1] 刘倩 刘心苗[1] 吴小燕[1] 马金龙[1] CHANG Ling;ZHANG feng;LIU Ping;GAO Fan;HU Jian;MI Ge;ZHAO Yonggang;LIU Dong;LIU Qian;LIU Xinmiao;WU Xiaoyan;MA Jinlong(Department of Health Monitor,Xi′an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an,Shaanxi Province 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第6期59-62,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中央财政专项(NO.SNHJ01);西安市创新能力强基计划-医学研究项目(21YXYJ0081)。

摘　　要：目的了解西安市居民室内微生物污染现状及其健康效应,分析空气净化器对室内微生物污染的净化效果,为改善室内环境提供参考意见。方法采用分层随机抽样,从西安市选取20户周边农村家庭和城区上下风向地区各20户家庭,通过问卷调查和现场环境采样收集相关数据,用非参数检验和相关性分析进行统计学分析。结果总体上,西安市室内细菌总数超标率为5.00%,细菌总数和真菌总数中位数分别为312.50 cfu/m^(3)和260.00 cfu/m^(3)。健康效应上:鼻炎和感冒均与细菌总数的相关性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.223和0.182。空气净化器开启前后对微生物污染净化作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),开启2 h后,细菌总数和真菌总数均明显下降。结论室内微生物污染会增加感冒和鼻炎的患病风险,空气净化器对细菌总数和真菌总数的去除有一定效果,建议使用功能兼具除菌除湿,双层滤网、颗粒物CADR值较高的空气净化器,并定期更换滤网,来改善室内微生物污染。Objective To investigate the current situation and health effects of indoor microbial pollution in Xi′an,to analyze the purification effect of air purifiers on indoor microbial pollution,and to provide reference for improving the indoor environment.Methods Through stratified random sampling,20 families from rural areas and 20 families from upwind and downwind urban areas respectively were selected from Xi′an.Data was collected by questionnaire surveys and on-site environmental sampling.Non-parametric analysis and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results Overall,the standard-exceeding rate of total count of bacteria was 5.00%.The medians of the total count of bacteria and fungi were 312.50 cfu/m3 and 260.00 cfu/m3,respectively.In terms of health effects,the correlation between rhinitis and cold with total bacterial count was statistically significant(P<0.05),with the correlation coefficients of 0.182 and 0.223,respectively.Purification effect of air purifiers on microbial pollution was statistically significant(P<0.05).After opening for 2 hours,the total numbers of bacteria and fungi decreased significantly.Conclusion The occurrence risk of colds and rhinitis is increased by indoor microbial pollution.Air purifiers have a certain effect on decreasing the total number of bacteria and fungi.It is recommended to use air purifiers with high CADR of particulate matter,double-layer filter and sterilization and dehumidification function,and replace the filters regularly to reduce indoor microbiological contamination.

关 键 词：室内微生物污染 健康效应 空气净化器 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]