疫苗接种对荆州市肾综合征出血热发病影响分析  

Effect of vaccination on the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jingzhou

作　　者：刘天[1,2] 姚梦雷 侯清波[1] 黄继贵[1] 吴杨[3] 刘漫[3] 宋开发[1] 胡兵[3] LIU Tian;YAO Menlei;HOU Qingbo;HUANG Jigui;WU Yang;LIU Man;SONG Kaifa;HU Bing(Department for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000,China;Public Health Research Center,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000,China;Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省荆州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,湖北荆州434000 [2]长江大学公共卫生研究中心,湖北荆州434000 [3]湖北省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第6期81-84,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫生计生委2018年联合基金项目(WJ2018H256)。

摘　　要：目的了解荆州市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫苗应急接种现状、血清学监测和疫苗接种人群发病情况,评价HFRS疫苗应急接种对控制该市HFRS疫情的保护效果。方法2018—2020年在荆州市监利市、洪湖市、江陵县、公安县和沙市区部分乡镇,以30~59岁人群为重点开展HFRS疫苗接种。收集荆州市HFRS发病率、病例疫苗接种史及HFRS疫苗接种资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。采集未接种HFRS疫苗者(未接种组)、接种HFRS疫苗者血清进行IgG抗体检测,利用ELISA方法检测血清IgG。分析疫苗接种乡镇2017—2018年与2020年发病数变化,与2019年前疫苗接种率相关性。结果2018—2020年累计接种HFRS疫苗44.69万剂次,覆盖5个县市区22个乡镇,占全市乡镇总数的17.19%(22/128)。完成3剂次接种120953人,占疫苗接种乡镇总人数的11.30%,占疫苗接种乡镇30~59岁年龄人群的23.77%。荆州市未接种组IgG阳性率为9.91%(85/858)。疫苗接种组IgG阳性率为40.96%(34/83)。其中1剂次组、2剂次组、3剂次组IgG阳性率分别为0(0/2)、18.18%(6/33)、58.33%(28/48)。16例病例发病前有HFRS疫苗接种史,接种2剂次及以下HFRS疫苗者占81.25%(13/16)。疫苗接种乡镇发病数增减与全人群疫苗接种率呈负相关(rs=-0.59,P=0.011)。疫苗接种乡镇发病数增减与30~59岁人群疫苗接种率呈负相关(rs=-0.46,P=0.055)。结论2019年之前HFRS疫苗接种对受种人群发挥了一定保护作用。但全市疫苗接种率较低,对全人群保护作用未显现。Objective To understand the current status of emergency vaccination of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)vaccine in Jingzhou,serological monitoring and the incidence of vaccinated population,and to evaluate the protective effect of emergency vaccination of HFRS vaccine on the control of HFRS epidemic in the city.Methods From 2018 to 2020,HFRS vaccination was carried out in Jianli City,Honghu City,Jiangling County,Gongan County and some townships in Shashi City,Jingzhou City,focusing on people aged 30-59 years old.The incidence of HFRS,vaccination history of cases and HFRS vaccination data of Jingzhou City were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.The sera of those who had not been vaccinated with HFRS vaccine(non-vaccinated group)and those who had been vaccinated with HFRS vaccine(vaccinated group)were collected for IgG antibody detection,and the serum IgG was detected by ELISA method.The correlation between the change in the number of cases in townships where people were vaccinated(comparison between 2017-2018 and 2020)and the vaccination rate before 2019 was analyzed.Results A total of 446900 doses of HFRS vaccine were vaccinated from 2018 to 2020,covering 22 townships in 5 counties and cities,accounting for 17.19%(22/128)of the total number of townships in the city.A total of 120953 people completed 3 doses of vaccination,accounting for 11.30%of the total population and 23.77%of the population aged 30-59 in the vaccinated township.The positive rate of IgG in the unvaccinated group in Jingzhou was 9.91%(85/858).The positive rate of IgG in the vaccination group was 40.96%(34/83).The positive rates of IgG in the 1-dose group,2-dose group,and 3-dose group were 0(0/2),18.18%(6/33),and 58.33%(28/48),respectively.From 2017 to 2020,a total of 16 cases had been vaccinated with HFRS before the onset of the disease,and 81.25%(13/16)received 2 doses or less of HFRS vaccine.The changes in the number of cases was negatively correlated with the vaccination rate of the whole population in tow

关 键 词：肾综合征出血热 疫苗 血清学监测 接种率 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]