2011—2020年长沙市围产儿出生缺陷医院监测结果分析  

Hospital-based surveillance results of perinatal birth defects in Changsha in 2011-2020

作　　者：樊婧[1] 杨丽艳[1] 解若彬 付金 祖月娥[1] FAN Jing;YANG Liyan;XIE Ruobin;FU Jin;ZU Yue-e(Changsha Maternal and Child Health Institute,Changsha 410007,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙市妇幼保健院,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第6期113-116,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析长沙市2011—2020年13家监测医院围产儿出生缺陷的发生情况,探讨长沙市出生缺陷的构成特征和变化情况。方法收集长沙市2011—2020年13家监测医院的围产儿出生缺陷监测资料,并进行统计学分析。结果2011—2020年长沙市13家监测机构围产儿总数541234例,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,围产期发现缺陷儿15725例,2011—2020年围产期出生缺陷发生率为290.54/万,2020年出生缺陷发生率较2011年下降41.93%。男性围产儿出生缺陷发生率(326.59/万)高于女性(248.96/万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=288.955,P<0.05);常住地为城镇的围产儿出生缺陷发生率(312.65/万)高于乡村(262.26/万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=119.974,P<0.05);<20岁组孕母所生围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于其他年龄组。围产儿主要出生缺陷前五位是先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、外耳其他畸形、马蹄内翻足、尿道下裂。结论长沙市的围产儿出生缺陷发生率呈总体下降趋势,出生缺陷防控措施显现成效,为巩固出生缺陷防控成果,控制出生缺陷发生率在较低水平,应当进一步加强出生缺陷三级预防。Objective To analyze the situation of perinatal birth defects in 13 monitoring hospitals in Changsha City from 2011 to 2020,and to explore the composition characteristics and changes of birth defects in Changsha.Methods The monitoring data of perinatal birth defects in 13 surveillance hospitals in Changsha City from 2011 to 2020 were collected and statistically analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2020,the total number of perinatal infants in the 13 surveillance institutions in Changsha was 541234,showing a trend of rising first and then falling.A total of 15725 cases of birth defects were found,and the incidence rate of birth defects in perinatal period was 290.54/10000.The incidence of birth defects in 2020 decreased by 41.93%compared with 2011.The incidence of perinatal birth defects in males(326.59/10000)was higher than that in females(248.96/10000),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=288.955,P<0.05).The incidence of perinatal birth defects in urban areas(312.65/10000)was higher than that in rural areas(262.26/10000),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=119.974,P<0.05).The incidence of birth defects in perinatal infants born to mothers under 20 years old was higher than that in other age groups.The top five major birth defects were congenital heart disease,polydactyly,external ear malformation,clubfoot,and hypospadias.Conclusion The incidence of perinatal birth defects in Changsha shows an overall downward trend,and the prevention and control measures for birth defects have shown effectiveness.To consolidate the achievements and control the incidence at a low level,the tertiary prevention of birth defects should be further strengthened.

关 键 词：围产儿出生缺陷 发生率 监测 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]