老年人认知功能障碍与阿尔茨海默病的研究进展  

Research progress of elderly cognitive impairment and Alzheimer′s disease

作　　者：冯薇[1] FENG Wei(Department of Neurology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院神经内科,四川成都610000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第6期123-126,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性病变,患者表现为进行性的认知功能障碍、记忆障碍、人格及行为改变,主要病理学特征为神经元的脱失、神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFT)及老年斑(senile plaques,SPs)形成,临床缺少能有效减缓AD进展的特异性药物,目前AD已成为严重危害老年人健康、加重家庭及社会负担的疾病之一。认知障碍根据病情严重程度可分为轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)及痴呆,其中前者可进展为AD,是一种介于正常衰老与痴呆之间的认知功能损害状态,且与AD的病理变化相似,加之MCI与AD早期并无显著临床表现,而实验室指标的特异性也有所不足。因此,文章就老年人认知功能障碍与AD的研究进展进行综述。Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system,which is manifested as progressive cognitive impairment,memory impairment,personality and behavior changes.The main pathological features of AD are neuronal loss,neurofibrillary tangles(NFT)and senile plaques(SPs).There is a lack of specific drugs that can effectively slow down the progression of AD,and AD has become one of the diseases that seriously endanger the health of the elderly and increase the burden of family and society.Cognitive impairment can be assigned into mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and dementia according to the disease severity,and MCI can progress to AD,which is a state of cognitive impairment between normal aging and dementia with similar pathological changes to AD.In addition,MCI and AD have no significant clinical manifestations at the early stage,and the specificity of laboratory indicators is also insufficient.Therefore,this paper reviews the research progress of cognitive impairment and AD in the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 阿尔茨海默病 认知功能 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]