南京市江宁区某养老机构老年人群营养状况及营养不良影响因素分析  

A survey on nutritional intake and analysis of factors influencing malnutrition among the elderly population in Jiangning District,Nanjing City

作　　者：徐静仙 朱姝芹[1] XU Jingxian;ZHU Shuqin(School of Nursing,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学护理学院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2024年第6期133-137,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查南京市江宁区某养老机构老年人群营养状况并对相关影响因素进行分析,以期为老年人群营养不良防制提供理论指导。方法纳入2019年9月至2023年12月在南京市江宁区某养老机构入住的老年个体1040例为研究对象,使用微型营养评估简表(MNA-SF)评估得分将其分为营养正常组、营养不良风险及营养不良组,比较两组研究对象的一般情况、膳食摄入及焦虑、抑郁、活动能力等老年综合征指标间差异。结果老年营养不良发生率为15.87%,不同文化程度、婚姻状况及退休前职业老年人群营养不良发生率存在差异;老年人群营养不良组摄入新鲜水果、新鲜蔬菜以及奶制品频率均低于营养正常组;营养不良老年人群睡眠质量差所占率高于营养正常人群,此外,营养不良老年人群存在中度及以上抑郁以及行动存在中度依赖的比率也高于营养正常人群(P<0.05)。logistic回归结果显示,文化程度增加、奶制品摄入量减少、抑郁等级加重及失能等级加重为老年人群发生营养不良的危险因素(OR>1);而睡眠质量好为老年人群发生营养不良的保护因素(OR<1)。结论南京市某养老院老年人营养不良发生率较高,奶制品摄入频率低、抑郁及失能为该养老院发生营养不良的独立影响因素。Objective To investigate the nutritional status of the elderly population in an elderly care institution in Jiangning District of Nanjing City,and analyze the relevant influencing factors,and to provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of malnutrition in the elderly population.Methods A total of 1040 elderly individuals who were admitted to the Nanjing Jiangning Muchun Garden Nursing Home from September 2019 to December 2023 were included as the study subjects.According to the evaluation scores using the Mini Nutrition Assessment Short Form(MNA-SF),the elderly people were divided into a normal nutrition group,a malnutrition risk group,and a malnutrition group.The differences in general condition,dietary intake or elderly syndromes such as anxiety,depression,and activity ability among the three groups of study subjects were compared and analyzed.Results The incidence of malnutrition in the elderly was 15.87%.There were differences in the incidence of malnutrition among the elderly population with different educational levels,marital status,and pre-retirement occupations.The frequency of intake of fresh fruits,fresh vegetables,and dairy products in the malnutrition group of the elderly population was lower than that in the normal nutrition group.The proportion of elderly people with malnutrition and poor sleep quality was higher than that of those with normal nutrition.In addition,the proportion of elderly people with malnutrition,moderate or above depression,and moderate action dependence was also higher than that of those with normal nutrition(P<0.05).The logistic regression results showed that an increase in educational level,a decrease in dairy product intake,and an exacerbation of depression and disability levels were risk factors for malnutrition in the elderly population(OR>1),while good sleep quality was protective factor for malnutrition in the elderly population(OR<1).Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition among elderly people in a nursing home in Nanjing is relatively high.Low freque

关 键 词：老年人群 营养不良 养老机构 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]