Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位CRLB推导与最优节点布局设计  

Wi-Fi RTT/RSS fusion localization CRLB derivation and optimal access points layout design

作　　者：孙猛 汪云甲[1,2] 王潜心[1,2] 陈国良[1,2] 李增科[1,2] SUN Meng;WANG Yunjia;WANG Qianxin;CHEN Guoliang;LI Zengke(School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Key Laboratory of Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring,MNR,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学自然资源部国土环境与灾害监测重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《测绘学报》2024年第10期1993-2006,共14页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42304047,42274048,42274020);国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0713502);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2022716)。

摘　　要：基于精细时间测量协议(FTM)的Wi-Fi RTT定位是目前领域内的研究热点,但其定位算法性能的评估手段较为单一且缺乏理论基础,Wi-Fi接入点(AP)布局对于定位精度的影响也尚未深入研究。本文以智能手机Wi-Fi FTM为研究对象,推导了基于Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位方法的克拉美罗下界(CRLB),阐明了单一定位与混合定位方法CRLB的理论关系,为算法性能评估确立了理论依据;研究了Wi-Fi AP布局对RTT/RSS混合定位精度的影响,以增强遗传算法(EGA)和CRLB为基础,设计了Wi-Fi RTT/RSS混合定位的最优节点布局方案。研究表明,Wi-Fi RSS/RTT混合定位可作为高效的FTM定位方法,提出的基于EGA和CRLB的最优节点布局方法能快速给出定位区域内的最优AP布局方案。试验结果表明,在最优节点布局下(7个Wi-Fi节点),Wi-Fi RSS、RTT和RSS/RTT混合定位在本文试验环境的理论精度分别为0.92、1.07和0.61 m。研究结果可为Wi-Fi FTM定位算法性能评估提供理论支持,也能为合理布设Wi-Fi节点、减少定位成本投入提供可行方案。The fine time measurement(FTM)protocol-based Wi-Fi RTT positioning is currently a research spotlight in the community.However,the performance evaluation methods of localization algorithms are relatively simplistic and lack theoretical basis.Furthermore,the impact of Wi-Fi access points(AP)layout on positioning accuracy has not been thoroughly studied.This paper focuses on smartphone-based Wi-Fi FTM as the research object.It derives the Cramer-Rao lower bound(CRLB)of the Wi-Fi RTT/RSS hybrid positioning method and clarifies the theoretical CRLB relationships of the single and hybrid positioning methods,which establishes a theoretical foundation for algorithm performance evaluation.The influence of Wi-Fi AP deployments on the localization accuracy of the RTT/RSS fusion positioning is studied,and an optimal access point layout approach for Wi-Fi RTT/RSS hybrid positioning is designed based on the enhanced genetic algorithm(EGA)and CRLB.Research shows that Wi-Fi RSS/RTT fusion localization is also an efficient FTM positioning method.The proposed EGA and CRLB-based optimal layout approach for Wi-Fi APs can quickly produce the optimal access point deployment strategy for the positioning area.The experimental results reveal that under the optimal layout of 7 Wi-Fi APs,the theoretical accuracy of Wi-Fi RSS,RTT,and RSS/RTT fusion positioning in the testing site of this manuscript is 0.92,1.07 and 0.61 m,respectively.The research work provides theoretical support for evaluating the performance of Wi-Fi FTM positioning and offers practical strategies for deploying Wi-Fi APs effectively,thereby reducing positioning investment.

关 键 词：室内定位与导航 Wi-Fi精细时间测量 智能手机定位 Wi-Fi节点布局 克拉美罗界 增强遗传算法 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]