基于多源数据融合的库区水下地形测量方法探究  

Exploration of underwater topographic measurement method for reservoir area based on multi-source data fusion

作　　者：韩啸 龚德林 张智敏 杨坤 HAN Xiao;GONG Delin;ZHANG Zhimin;YANG Kun(Southwest River Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources,Bureau of Hydrology of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局、西南诸河水文水资源勘测局,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2024年第11期32-39,共8页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

摘　　要：当下河道勘测过程中存在技术单一、成果精度低、工作效率低和数据不完整等问题。为提高河道地形数据采集工作的安全性和效率,采用无人机搭载机载激光雷达与无人船搭载多波束测深系统相结合的测量方法,采集库区河道水下地形数据,并引入一种基于形状上下文算法进行多源数据点云融合,通过Maptek I-Site Studio点云处理软件实现水上水下三维模型一体化构建。结果表明:机载激光点云数据的平面误差绝对值在0.01~0.05 m的点数占比33.6%,在0.05~0.10 m的点数占比53.3%;高程误差绝对值在0.01~0.05 m范围内的点数占比43%,在0.05~0.10 m范围内的点数占比48.6%。无人船多波束测深数据与单波束相比高程误差整体呈现正态分布,互差越小所占比例越高,互差约为0的占比超过50%。三维模型水边点精度绝对值在0.1~0.2 m的占比为70%左右。提出的方法适用于两岸山地起伏大、植被茂密、库区大水深河道区域,简化了外业工作流程,提高了作业精度。Aiming at the problems in the process of river surveying,such as single technology,low accuracy,low efficiency and incomplete data,and to improve the safety and efficiency of terrain data collection,a measurement method that combines unmanned aerial vehicles with airborne LiDAR and unmanned ships with multi-beam depth measurement systems was adopted to collect data in the reservoir area.A shape context algorithm based on multi-source data point cloud fusion was introduced,and the integrated construction of three-dimensional models above and below water was achieved through Maptek I-Site Studio point cloud processing software.The results showed that the proportion of points of the airborne laser point cloud data with plane error from 0.01 to 0.05 was 33.6%,and 53.3%points with plane error from 0.05 to 0.10.Then 43%of the points had an elevation error from 0.01 to 0.05 m,and 48.6%of the points had an elevation error from 0.05 to 0.10.The elevation error of unmanned ship multi-beam depth measurement data showed a normal distribution as a whole compared to the single beam,and the smaller the mutual difference was,the higher the proportion was.The zero mutual difference accounted for more than 50%of the points.The proportion of water edge points in 3D models with accuracy from 0.1 to 0.2 m was about 70%.The operation method adopted was suitable for areas with large undulating mountains on both sides,dense vegetation,and deep water channels in the reservoir area,which can simplify the workflow of field work and improved the accuracy of the operation.

关 键 词：水下地形测量 无人机 机载激光雷达 多波束测深系统 三维模型 

分 类 号：TV221.1[水利工程—水工结构工程]