饲粮中添加动物双歧杆菌对伊犁马粪便微生物的影响  

Effects of Bifidobacteria on fecal microorganisms in Yili horse

作　　者：王永发 左林芳 姚新奎[1,2] 孟军 曾亚琦[1,2] 王建文 WANG Yongfa;ZUO Linfang;YAO Xinkui;MENG Jun;ZENG Yaqi;WANG Jianwen(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Research Institute of Horse Industry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国饲料》2024年第21期9-18,共10页China Feed

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B49);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZYYD2023C02);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02013-1);自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2311)。

摘　　要：为研究饲粮中添加不同梯度动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)对伊犁马粪便微生物多样性的影响,试验选取体况相近、饲养管理水平一致的2~3岁伊犁马骟马19匹,随机分为四组,分别为试验Ⅰ组(Q1、H1)、试验Ⅱ组(Q2、H2)、试验Ⅲ组(Q3、H3)、试验Ⅳ组(Q4、H4),Q为试验前期,H为试验后期,其中试验Ⅰ组为对照组,4匹重复,其余试验组每组5匹重复,依据所有马匹平均体重,每天每匹马饲喂6.4 kg精料补充料及8 kg的干牧草,精料补充料于当天分早、晚两次添加,牧草分四次添加,于此基础上,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组当天晨饲时分别依据马匹当天单次饲粮添加量的0.025%、0.05%、0.1%添加0.8、1.6、3.2 g的动物双歧杆菌,预饲期7 d,正式期50 d,采集试验前后两个时期的马匹粪便样本,通过细菌16S r RNA基因高通量测序技术检测粪便微生物多样性,并对检测结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)从马匹粪便样本中获得2870233条优化序列。(2)对照组饲喂前后,肠道菌群多样性无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组饲喂前后有一定差异,但不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组饲喂双歧杆菌后,Simpson指数显著高于饲喂前(P<0.05)。(3)在门水平上,伊犁马肠道优势菌群主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。(4)在属水平上的主要优势菌属为链球菌属(Streptococcus)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group)、纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter);属水平上,试验Ⅳ组后期与其他组相比,Streptococcus所占总属水平比例最小,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group所占总属水平比例要高于其他组别。综上所述,于马匹饲粮中添加动物双歧杆菌添加剂,对于伊犁马的肠道菌群有一定影响,且会改善伊犁马肠道菌群的生物多样性,有利于伊犁马的健康。The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of adding different gradients of Bifidobacterium to the diet on the faecal microbial diversity of Yili horses.Nineteen 2 ~ 3 year old Yili geldings with similar body condition and the same level of feeding management were selected and randomly divided into four groups,namely,test group Ⅰ (Q1,H1),test group Ⅱ (Q2,H2),test group Ⅲ (Q3,H3),and test group Ⅳ (Q4,H4),with Q being the early stage of the experiment and H being the late stage of the experiment,in which test group Ⅰ was the control group with 4 horses replicated,and the rest of the test groups were 5 replicated horses in each group.Based on the average body weight of all horses,each horse was fed 6.4 kg of concentrate supplement and 8 kg of dry forage per day,and the concentrate supplement was added twice on the same day in the morning and in the evening,and the forage was added in four times,based on which,the morning feeding of test group Ⅱ,test group Ⅲ,test group Ⅳ were based on the 0.025%,0.05%and 0.1% of the amount of the single ration of the day,and 0.8,1.6,3.2 g of Bifidobacterium were added,respectively,with a pre-feeding period of 7 days and a full-fledged period of 50 days.Fecal samples were collected from horses before and after the test,and the fecal microbial diversity of feces was detected by highthroughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes.The results showed that:(1) 2870233 optimized sequences were obtained from horse faecal samples.(2) There was no significant difference in the diversity of intestinal flora before and after feeding in the control group(P > 0.05);there was some difference between the before and after feeding in the test group II,but it was not significant(P > 0.05);and after feeding Bifidobacterium bifidum in the test group III,the Simpson's index was significantly higher than the pre-feeding level(P < 0.05).(3) At the gate level,the dominant intestinal flora of Yili horses were mainly Firmicutes and Bacteroidota.(4) The main dominant genera at the gen

关 键 词：动物双歧杆菌 伊犁马 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]