中国土壤水和饱和水汽压差对植被物候始期的影响  

Effects of Soil Moisture and Vapor Pressure Deficit on the Start of the Season in China

作　　者：薛盈盈 白晓永[2,3,4] 谭秋 冉晨[2] 张思蕊 熊练 杜朝超 李姿霖 龙明康 罗青 张小芸 李明会 沈晓倩 杨姝 XUE Ying-ying;BAI Xiao-yong;TAN Qiu;RAN Chen;ZHANG Si-rui;XIONG Lian;DU Chao-chao;LI Zi-lin;LONG Ming-kang;LUO Qing;ZHANG Xiao-yun;LI Ming-hui;SHEN Xiao-qian;YANG Shu(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou Province,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,Guizhou Province,China;Center of Excellence for Quaternary and Global Change,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi′an 710061,Shaanxi Province,China;College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou Province,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [3]中国科学院第四纪与全球变化卓越研究中心,陕西西安710061 [4]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第11期12-20,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U22A20619,42077455,42367008);中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目(xbzgzdsys-202101);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDB40000000,XDA23060100);贵州省省级科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般198);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]015-1,黔科合平台人才[2016]5648);贵州省补助资金项目(GZ2020SIG)。

摘　　要：在全球变暖气候背景下,由于气温升高而导致的植被春季物候提前已经被熟知。气候变暖的同时加剧了土壤水分(Soil Moisture,SM)和饱和水汽压(Vapor Pressure Deficit,VPD)亏缺,二者作为植被生长必要的水分条件,对植被春季物候的影响尚不明晰。为此,研究基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光数据集通过多项式-导数法、双逻辑-曲率最大值法和Timesat法提取了2001-2018年以来中国植被春季光合物候始期(Start Of Season,SOS)的参数;其次,运用近地面气象驱动数据集和彭曼公式计算了研究期内的VPD值;最后,采用Teil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验、敏感性分析法,阐明了SOS、VPD和SM的时空变化规律,揭示了春季SM和VPD对SOS的影响机制。结果表明:①SOS先随着纬度的上升逐渐推迟,在35°N以北开始平稳波动,平均SOS在第130 d;②中国春季SM和VPD呈大面积不显著干旱化趋势,土壤水以0.037 m^(3)(/m^(3)∙10 a)的速度干化,VPD以0.34 hPa/10 a的速度升高,SOS呈大面积不显著提前趋势,以5.1 d/10 a的速度提前;③干旱地区的SOS对春季SM和VPD的变化最敏感,并且随着春季SM梯度的降低,VPD对SOS的重要性逐渐增加,SM的重要性逐渐减少。研究对于理解和预测全球变暖背景下植被生长对水分条件变化的响应,以及对于制定应对气候变化的政策至关重要,可为我国生态环境建设提供科学依据。In the context of global warming,the advancement of vegetation spring phenology due to rising temperatures is well documented.Climate warming also leads to increases in soil moisture(SM)deficit and vapor pressure deficit(VPD).However,as necessary water conditions for vegetation growth,their effects on vegetation spring phenology remain unclear.Therefore,based on the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)data set,this study extracted the parameters of the start of the season(SOS)of vegetation in spring in China from 2001 to 2018 through the Polyfit-derivative method,the double-logistic Maximum Curvature method and the Timesat method.Secondly,the VPD values of the study period were calculated by using the China meteorological forcing dataset and Penman formula.Finally,Teil-Sen Median trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test and sensitivity analysis were used to clarify the spatio-temporal variation rules of SOS,VPD and SM,and to reveal the influence mechanism of spring SM and VPD on SOS.The results show that:①SOS first gradually delays with the increase of latitude,and starts to fluctuate steadily at the north of 35°N,with an average SOS on the 130th day of the year;②In spring,SM and VPD showed a large area of non-significant drying trend,soil moisture decreased at a rate of 0.037 m^(3)(/m^(3)∙10 a),VPD increased at a rate of 0.34 hPa/10 a,and SOS showed a large area of non-significant advance trend at a rate of 5.1 d/10 a.③SOS in arid areas were most sensitive to the changes of SM and VPD in spring,and with the decrease of SM gradient in spring,the importance of VPD to SOS gradually increased,and the importance of SM gradually decreased.This study is important for understanding and predicting the response of vegetation growth to the change of water conditions under the background of global warming,and for formulating policies to deal with climate change,and can provide scientific basis for ecological environment construction in China.

关 键 词：植被物候始期 土壤湿度 大气饱和水汽压差 干旱 中国 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]