“智”的可能性与“能”的极限性:论人工智能的“智”与“能”  

Potential of“Intelligence”and the Boundaries of“Capability”:An Exploration of Intelligence and Ability in Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：江海全 Jiang Haiquan(School of Marxism,Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期63-70,197,共9页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社科基金一般项目“现象学的马克思主义历史演进、理论意蕴及其启示研究”(24ZXB005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：智能包含“智力”与“能力”两个方面。“智力”意指理论意义上的认知力,“能力”意指实践意义上的能动力。真正的智能行为必须做到“智”与“行”的兼备。人工智能能否拥有人的心智不仅仅在于它能否拥有其“能”,即它能够做什么;而且更在于它能否拥有其“智”。对人工智能之“智”的分析仅仅是一个先验性的理论分析,因此对它能否拥有其“智”的回答也只是一个先验性论断。而人类设计出人工之物的目的就在于它能够做出智能的行为,并且它能否拥有其“能”却是一个经验性的和实践操作的问题。未来人工智能的研究既要考虑理论上的先验可能性,同时也要考虑实践上的经验可行性。Intelligence includes both the mentality and activity.Mentality means cognitive power in the theoretical sense,i.e.,the ability to think logically,the ability to make emotional associations,which includes sensation,experience,subjectivity,qualia and perceptions.Activity refers to the ability to act in a practical sense,namely,the skills that can be applied into practice.Thus,true intelligent behavior requires a combination of mentality and activity.Whether AI(Artificial Intelligence)can have a human mind does not depend only on whether it can have its“activity”,i.e.,what it can do,and more importantly,it depends on whether it can have its“mentality”,the most important of which is whether it can have a subjective experience of consciousness.David Chalmers calls the problem of the subjective experience of consciousness as the“hard problem”of the mind.Panpsychism and Emergentism provide direct theoretical support for the“hard problem”of consciousness from different perspectives.Both Panpsychism and Emergentism hold that the properties of mind are primordial and thus irreducible ones,but they differ in their treatment of the question of where the properties of mind come from.Panpsychism holds that mind does not come from anywhere,because the properties of mind are everywhere,and everything,even the smallest subatomic particle,has the properties of mind.Emergentism on the other hand,holds that mental properties are emergent phenomena that arise suddenly.when things that lack psychic properties are organized in some way,mental attributes suddenly emerge.From a phenomenological point of view,even if AI we design can have human intelligence and can perform intelligent behaviors triggered by mentality,it does not mean that AI can simply equal human intelligence as artificial intelligence and human intelligence acquire skills in very different ways and models.The analysis of the skill acquisition model by American professors,the Dreyfus brothers,shows that(1)mature human skillful behavior is integrated with

关 键 词：人工智能 泛心论 突现论 现象学 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]