人口老龄化背景下职业卫生与职业医学的挑战和机遇  

Challenges and opportunities of occupational health and occupational medicine in the context of population aging

作　　者：卢国栋[1] 傅华 刘武忠 周志俊[1] 尹艳[4] LU Guodong;FU Hua;LIU Wuzhong;ZHOU Zhijun;YIN Yan(Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology,School of Public Heath,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Department of Preventive Medicine,School of Public Heath,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Occupational Health Assessment Center,Shanghai Institute of Chemical Industry Occupational Disease,Shanghai 200041,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院职业卫生与毒理学教研室,上海200032 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院预防医学教研室,上海200032 [3]上海市化工职业病防治院职业健康评估中心,上海200041 [4]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第9期961-966,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)重点学科(GWVI-11.1-37、GWVI-11.1-41);上海市化工职业病防治院上海市职业安全健康研究院人才培养计划(2024ZFY10)。

摘　　要：在面临老龄化和少子化双重挑战的背景下,我国劳动年龄人口的绝对数量逐年减少,同时中老年劳动人口的占比却显著增加。然而,我国拥有庞大的劳动力资源,同时人才红利的优势正在逐渐显现。这两大利好因素有望在一定程度上缓解人口红利减弱对社会生产力带来的负面影响。劳动力要素是各类生产要素中最为活跃的,也是发展新质生产力的重要组成部分。随着新质生产力的不断发展,职业卫生与职业医学也迎来了新的发展机遇。在劳动年龄人口老龄化的过程中,职业卫生与职业医学可以研究如何借助新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术等增长引擎,保障劳动者的职业健康,延长他们的职业寿命,激发他们的创造力和活力,以弥补人口老龄化带来的劳动人口不足和单位生产率可能的下降。职业卫生与职业医学这种转变不仅对老龄化社会中生产者的职业健康和职业发展至关重要,还会对老年友好型社会的创建和生产力可持续发展产生积极影响。In the context of facing the dual challenges of aging population and declining birth rates,the absolute number of working-age population in China is decreasing,while the proportion of middle-aged and elderly workers is significantly increasing.However,China possesses a vast labor force,and the advantages of talent dividend are gradually emerging,both of which can offset the negative impact of the shrinking demographic dividend on social productivity.Labor is the most active factor among various production factors and is an important component for developing new quality productive forces.With the development of new quality productive forces,occupational health and occupational medicine are presented with new development opportunities.In the process of aging of the labor force,occupational health and occupational medicine can investigate how to utilize next-generation information technology,artificial intelligence,biotechnology,and other growth engines to safeguard the occupational health of workers,extend their working lives,actively unleash their creativity and initiative,and compensate for the labor shortage caused by an aging population and the potential decrease in labor productivity.This transformation in occupational health and occupational medicine is not only crucial for the health and career development of workers in an aging society,but will also have a positive impact on the creation of an age-friendly society and the sustainable development of productivity.

关 键 词：职业卫生 职业医学 老龄化 劳动年龄人口 新质生产力 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]