北京地区气溶胶中铯-137活度浓度变动规律  

Variation of ^(137)Cs activity concentration in aerosol in Beijing

作　　者：王欢[1] 孟庆华[1] 娄云[1] 白斌[1] 朱维杰[1] 王宏芳[1] 孔玉侠[1] 冯泽臣[1] 翟曙光[1] 俞君[1] 孙亚茹[1] 马永忠[1] WANG Huan;MENG Qinghua;LOU Yun;BAI Bin;ZHU Weijie;WANG Hongfang;KONG Yuxia;FENG Zechen;ZHAI Shuguang;YU Jun;SUN Yaru;MA Yongzhong(Institute of Radiation Protection,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心放射卫生防护所,北京100013

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第9期1038-1042,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目培养计划项目(学科带头人-01-20);北京市科技计划项目(Z211100007021010)。

摘　　要：[背景]大气气溶胶中的铯-137(^(137)Cs)是既往核武器试验和核事故的产物,^(137)Cs释放至大气沉积在陆地和海洋环境中,造成土壤表面、水、农产品和动物副产品等污染,影响公众健康。[目的]分析2017—2020年北京地区气溶胶中^(137)Cs活度浓度变化规律及其与大气含尘量的相关性。[方法]利用大流量空气气溶胶采样器采集北京2017年11月1日—2020年6月30日气溶胶样品958份。采样流量约为600 m^(3)·h^(-1),每份样品采集时间约24 h,使用低本底高纯锗γ能谱仪测定气溶胶样品中^(137)Cs活度浓度。利用采样前后气溶胶滤膜质量差计算含尘量。比较不同季节^(137)Cs检出率和含尘量。^(137)Cs活度浓度和含尘量的相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关检验。[结果]2017—2020年北京地区958份气溶胶中共33份样品^(137)Cs活度浓度在探测限以上,^(137)Cs总体检出率为3.4%,其活度浓度的范围为1.86~45.53μBq·m^(-3),中位数为4.85μBq·m^(-3)。^(137)Cs检出率春季最高,秋季次之,冬季和夏季较低,检出率分别为8.4%、3.0%、1.1%和0.5%。大气含尘量范围为0.03~1.55 mg·m^(-3),平均值为0.18 mg·m^(-3),大气含尘量在春、夏、秋、冬四季中差异有统计学意义(F=45.51,P<0.05),其中春季含尘量最高(P<0.05),为0.24 mg·m^(-3)。^(137)Cs活度浓度与大气含尘量呈正相关(P<0.05)。[结论]2017—2020年北京地区气溶胶中^(137)Cs的活度浓度处于本底涨落水平范围内,其活度浓度春季最高,秋季次之,冬季和夏季较低。[Background]^(137)Cs in atmospheric aerosol is the product of past nuclear weapon tests and nuclear accidents.When ^(137)Cs is released into the atmosphere,it will deposit in dry land and marine environment,causing pollution of soil surface,water,agricultural products,and animal byproducts,and affecting public health.[Objective]To identify the variation pattern of ^(137)Cs activity concentration in aerosol and its correlation with dust concentration in Beijing area from 2017 to 2020.[Methods]A total of 958 aerosol samples were collected from November 1,2017 to June 30,2020 in Beijing with a high volume air sampler at a sampling flow rate about 600 m^(3)·h^(-1) and a collection time for each sample about 24 h.The activity concentration of ^(137)Cs in the aerosol samples was determined with a low-background high-purity germaniumγspectrometer.The dust concentration was calculated using the difference in the mass of the aerosol filter before and after sampling.The detection rate of ^(137)Cs and dust concentration in different seasons were compared.Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between ^(137)Cs activity concentration and dust concentration.[Results]From 2017 to 2020,the ^(137)Cs activity concentrations of 33 from 958 aerosol samples in Beijing were above the minimum detectable activity concentration,the overall detection rate of ^(137)Cs was 3.4%,and the activity concentration ranged from 1.86 to 45.53μBq·m^(-3),with a median value of 4.85μBq·m^(-3).The detection rate of ^(137)Cs was highest in spring,followed by autumn,and lowest in winter and summer(8.4%,3.0%,1.1%,and 0.5%,respectively).The dust concentration ranged from 0.03 to 1.55 mg·m^(-3),with an average value of 0.18 mg·m^(-3).There was a statistically significant difference in the dust concentrations in spring,summer,autumn,and winter(F=45.51,P<0.05),and the highest value was 0.24 mg·m^(-3) in spring(P<0.05).The ^(137)Cs activity concentration was positively correlated with the dust concentration(P<0.05).[Conclusi

关 键 词：北京市 气溶胶 ^(137)Cs 含尘量 季节 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]