2023年南京地铁X号线卫生状况调查研究  

Environmental hygiene of metro line X in Nanjing in 2023

作　　者：朱秋媛 先兆娟 唐彦钊 贾云飞[1] 葛明[1] 熊丽林[1] ZHU Qiuyuan;XIAN Zhaojuan;TANG Yanzhao;JIA Yunfei;GE Ming;XIONG Lilin(Department of Environmental Health,Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210003,China;Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,江苏南京210003 [2]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心/复旦大学浦东预防医学研究院,上海200136

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第9期1054-1060,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：南京市卫生科技发展项目(ZKX21053);国家自然科学基金项目(72071115)。

摘　　要：[背景]地铁中人群密集、建筑结构相对封闭、通风换气不足,存在多种健康危害因素,其卫生状况和人群健康风险已成为重要的公共卫生议题。[目的]调查研究南京地铁X号线卫生现状,为有害因素防制和相关标准制定提供依据。[方法]于2023年3月在南京地铁X号线站厅、站台、车厢开展环境卫生状况监测。分层抽样选取6个站点,每个站点于早高峰时段(9:00—11:00)监测一次,每节车厢于21:00—22:00监测一次。监测指标包括公共环境物理因素:温度、相对湿度、风速、照度、噪声(A计权);空气质量卫生状况:二氧化碳(CO_(2))、一氧化碳(CO)、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、氨(NH_(3))、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、臭氧(O_(3))、细菌总数、真菌总数;集中空调通风系统风管内表面:积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数;送风空气:PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、细菌总数、真菌总数;物体表面微生物:细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌。监测结果依据GB 37488—2019《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》和WS394—2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》进行评价和讨论。[结果]南京地铁X号线的站台及车厢环境温度高于标准限值,M(P25,P75)分别为20.7(19.95,21.65)℃和21.8(19.80,35.80)℃,车厢的相对湿度和噪声分别为38.80%(24.6%,46.3%)和79.50(76.25,82.00)d B,不符国家卫生标准要求;22.2%的监测点送风空气真菌总数超标;部分高频接触物体表面检出大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄球菌,其中卫生间水龙头微生物污染最为严重。车厢温度[21.8(19.8,35.8)℃]、风速[0.48(0.39,1.02)m·s^(-1)]、噪声[79.5(76.25,82.00)d B]、CO_(2)含量[0.079%(0.070%,0.091%)]均高于站厅和站台(P<0.05)。城郊站点的微小气候、空气颗粒物和空气微生物含量差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),其中郊区站点PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度分别为0.076(0[Background]The subway environment,characterized by dense crowds,relatively enclosed architectural structures,and insufficient ventilation,poses various health hazards.Population health risks attributable to subway hygiene have become an important public health issue.[Objective]To evaluate the current environmental hygiene of metro line X in Nanjing,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of harmful factors and the establishment of relevant standards.[Methods]Station halls,platforms,and carriages of Nanjing metro line X were monitored in March 2023.Six stations were selected by stratified sampling,and monitored once during the morning peak hours(9:00—11:00).Carriage monitoring was conducted after a full day of operation(21:00—22:00).The monitoring indicators included physical factors such as temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,illuminance,and noise(A-weighted);air quality factors such as carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),carbon monoxide(CO),respirable particulate matter(PM_(10)),fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),ammonia(NH_(3)),formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,xylene,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC),ozone(O_(3)),total bacterial count,and total fungi count;hygiene status of the inner surface of the central air conditioning ventilation system,such as dust accumulation,total bacterial count,and total fungi count;supply air,such as PM_(10),PM_(2.5),total bacterial count,and total fungi count;and surface microorganisms on objects,such as total bacterial count,total fungi count,coliform bacteria,and Staphylococcus aureus.Results were evaluated and discussed according to Hygienic indicators and limits for public places(GB 37488-2019)and Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public buildings(WS 394-2012).[Results]The environmental temperature medians(P25,P75)in the platforms and carriages of Nanjing metro line X were 20.7(19.95,21.65)℃and 21.8(19.80,35.80)℃,respectively,which exceeded the standard limits.The relative humidity and noise level in the carriage

关 键 词：地铁 车厢 卫生状况 微生物 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]