一种铝及铝合金氰化镀银前处理酸洗工艺研究  

Study on pickling process for pre-treatment of cyanide silver plating of aluminum and aluminum alloys

作　　者：李晓征 吴茹梦 张红军 马迎春 王婷 Li Xiaozheng;Wu Rumeng;Zhang Hongjun;Ma Yingchun;Wang Ting(Lab of Surface Treatment and Metal Anti-corrosion of Ping Gao Group,Pingdingshan 467001,China;Heman Pinggao Electric Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467001,China;Lu Yajuan Innova‐tion Studio,Pinggao Group,Pingdingshan 467001,China)

机构地区：[1]平高集团表面处理及金属防腐实验室,河南平顶山467001 [2]河南平高电气股份有限公司,河南平顶山467001 [3]平高集团路亚娟创新工作室,河南平顶山467001

出　　处：《电镀与精饰》2024年第11期30-35,共6页Plating & Finishing

摘　　要：在铝合金镀银过程中,为了获得完全无氧化膜和油污的富铝表面,通常使用硝酸型酸洗剂进行清洗。然而,这种方法可能导致铝合金表面清洗不彻底或过度清洗,并且产生污染性的氮氧废气,对环境造成污染。为了减少硝酸型酸洗剂的使用,我们进行了前期市场调研、中期小槽试验、后期生产试验和成本核算,以寻找替代的酸洗剂。通过这些研究,我们改良了6063铝合金高压电气零部件镀银表面处理前的酸洗工艺,提出采用M-605作为一次酸洗剂,采用MLD作为脱锌酸洗剂,替代目前工业生产中使用含有硝酸的一次酸洗和脱锌酸洗工艺。经过大量的生产验证,结果表明,这种镀银表面前处理酸洗工艺可以提高产品质量和合格率,具有广泛的推广和应用前景。同时,这种改良的工艺能够减少硝酸型酸洗剂的使用量,降低氮氧废气的排放,从而减少对环境的污染。In the process of silver plating on aluminum alloys,nitric acid-based pickling agents are commonly used for cleaning in order to achieve a fully oxide-free and oil-free aluminum surface.How‐ever,this method can result in incomplete or excessive cleaning of the aluminum alloy surface,and it also generates polluting nitrogen oxide gas emissions,causing environmental pollution.To reduce the use of nitric acid-based pickling agents and explore alternative types of pickling agents,we conducted preliminary market research,mid-term small-scale tank experiments,and later production experi‐ments,along with cost calculations.Through these studies,we have improved the pre-plating acid pick‐ling process for silver plating on high-voltage electrical components.We propose the use of M-605 as a primary pickling agent and MLD as a zinc removal pickling agent,replacing the current industrial prac‐tice of using nitric acid-based primary pickling and zinc removal pickling processes.Extensive produc‐tion validation has shown that this improved pre-plating acid pickling process can enhance product quali‐ty and qualification rates,with significant potential for widespread adoption.This modified process re‐duces the usage of nitric acid-based pickling agents while also decreasing the emission of nitrogen oxide gas,thereby reducing environmental pollution.

关 键 词：铝合金 镀银 酸洗 环保 

分 类 号：TG17[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]