ICSID框架下的我国国有企业申请人资格问题论析  

The Analysis to Qualification Issues of State Owned Enterprise Applicants in China under the ICSID Framework

作　　者：章成[1] 杨嘉琪 潘彦璋 ZHANG Cheng(China Institute of Boundary and Ocean Studies&Institute for International Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,武汉430072

出　　处：《长春工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期10-13,共4页Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：武汉大学人文社会科学青年学术团队人才项目支持计划《中国经验中的国家理论研究》(项目编号:413000165);武汉大学中央高校基本科研业务经费项目;国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心科研培育项目《提升中国北极渔业治理参与能力的法律途径研究》(项目编号:413000070)。

摘　　要：国有企业在《ICSID公约》下的适格投资者身份问题直接关系到国有企业在遭遇与东道国的投资纠纷时能否提起ICSID仲裁程序,而中国作为一个国有企业海外投资占比接近50%的海外投资大国,这一问题将直接影响到我国国有企业的海外利益。目前我国国有企业在ICSID仲裁中的投资者资格认定困境主要在于我国国内法和我国对外签订的BIT对于“国有企业”概念的界定不明,并且我国国有企业在历史发展进程中形成的过于依赖优惠政策及政府补贴的惯性对公平市场竞争机制的形成有较为不利的影响。解决我国国有企业投资者资格认定困境的制度路径包括在国内层面以“竞争中性要求”为参照进一步推动国有企业的市场化改革;在国际层面上未雨绸缪,在未来的BIT签署中明确国有企业的ICSID仲裁申请资格问题,同时通过国家实践推动完善Broches标准的解释和适用,参照《国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案》的有关规定推进ICSID公约的修订进程,以国内层面和国际层面双管齐下的方式塑造更加良好的国际投资环境共同体。The issue of qualified investor status of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)under the ICSID Convention is directly related to whether SOEs can initiate ICSID arbitration procedures when they encounter investment disputes with the host country,and as a large overseas investment country where the proportion of SOEs’overseas investment is nearly 50%,this issue will have a direct impact on the overseas interests of China’s state-owned enterprises(SOEs).At present,the difficulties in determining the investor qualification of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)in ICSID arbitration in China mainly include the unclear definition of the concept of SOEs in domestic laws and the BIT signed by China with foreign countries,as well as the inertia of relying too heavily on preferential policies and government subsidies formed by state-owned enterprises in the historical development process,which has a relatively unfavorable impact on the formation of a fair market competition mechanism.The institutional path to address the dilemma of determining the qualifications of investors in SOEs in China includes further promoting the market-oriented reform of SOEs at the domestic level by taking the“competition neutrality requirement”as a reference,as well as taking proactive measures at the international level by clarifying the eligibility of SOEs to apply for ICSID arbitration in the future signing of the BIT,promoting the improvement of the Broches’standard through the state practice,and pushing forward the revision process of the ICSID Convention in accordance with the relevant provisions of the“Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts(ARSIWA)”,so as to shape a more favorable international investment environment community by means of two-pronged approach at both the domestic and international levels.

关 键 词：我国国有企业 ICSID投资仲裁 申请人资格 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学] F276.1[政治法律—国际法学]