丹江口水库泥沙淤积及影响研究  

Studies on sedimentation and its impact on the Danjiangkou Reservoir

作　　者：熊明 陈柯兵 Xiong Ming;Chen Kebing

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第20期52-58,73,共8页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3209502)。

摘　　要：丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程水源地,在国民经济建设和国家发展战略中具有特殊重要地位,库容安全和水质安全是“一泓清水北上”的两大重要保障。丹江口水库泥沙淤积问题同时关联库容长期有效维持与库区水环境安全,为掌握丹江口水库冲淤状况及对坝下游河道的影响,基于水文、泥沙与河道等全序列原型观测资料,从水库冲淤量沿时程的变化、多维分布特征等方面着手,研究了水库泥沙淤积与坝下游河道冲刷状态。研究结果表明,丹江口水库修建后,汉江、丹江的来沙大部分被拦截于水库中,1961—2020年共计淤积泥沙18.83亿m^(3),150 m以下水库库容减小明显。与此同时,汉江中下游河道发生了长距离的持续冲刷,1978—2020年平滩河床总体冲刷10.75亿m^(3),冲刷强度由上游至下游逐步减小。As the water source of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the Danjiangkou Reservoir plays a special and important role in the development of national economy and strategy of our country.Safety of storage capacity and water quality shall be the important guarantees for the transfer of“clean water to the north”.Sedimentation of the Danjiangkou Reservoir is closely related to the storage capacity of the reservoir in the long term and water environment in the reservoir area.In order to get more knowledge on channel scouring and silting and its impact on the river courses in the downstream of the Danjiangkou Dam,studies are made on the sedimentation of the reservoir and erosion of the downstream.The results indicate that after the operation of the Danjiangkou Dam,most of the incoming sediment from the Han River and Danjiang River was intercepted by the reservoir.From 1961 to 2020,a total of 1.883 billion m3 of sediment was silted,and the storage capacity of the reservoir below 150 m reduced significantly.At the same time,the middle and lower reaches of the Han River experienced a continuous and long-distance erosion,with a total of 1.075 billion m3 of sediment eroded in flat riverbed from 1978 to 2020,and the erosion intensity gradually decreased from upstream to downstream.

关 键 词：南水北调中线工程 丹江口水库 水库淤积 河道冲淤 河床演变 

分 类 号：TV697.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]