南水北调中线工程水源地水质安全问题与对策思考  

Water quality safety issues and measures for water source areas of the Middle Route of the South-to North Water Diversion Project

作　　者：刘兆孝[1] 习刚正 王超[1] Liu Zhaoxiao;Xi Gangzheng;Wang Chao

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,武汉430051

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第20期74-80,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB342);南水北调中线水源有限责任公司科研专项(ZSY/YG-ZX(2023)022);中国南水北调集团科研专项(NSBDZX/SH/KY/2022-001)。

摘　　要：南水北调中线工程是我国水资源优化配置的战略性基础工程,水源地水质安全保障工作至关重要。当前中线工程水源地水质状况总体良好,但水源地依然存在常规水质超标、富营养化、藻类异常增殖及尾矿库渗漏或溃坝等风险,需高度关注。系统梳理了水源地水质现状,总结了水质安全面临的主要风险,并从人为因素、工程因素、自然因素和管理因素等方面分析了影响因素,从产业发展、污染防治、监测监控、风险防范、科学研究、水质管理等方面总结了水源地水质安全保障管理现状及存在问题。基于现状和问题分析,提出构建水质综合管理体系框架,包含工业-农业-服务业生态产业与环境耦合协调的发展体系、源头减排-过程控制-末端治理的全过程水污染防治体系、全要素-全天候-全覆盖的现代化监测监控体系、识别评估-监测告警-预测预警-应急响应的全链条风险防控体系、理论研究-技术研发-平台建设-人才发展的全方位科学技术支撑体系、立法引领-机构健全-机制完善-规范建设-能力突出的全面化管理体系,为确保“一泓清水永续北上”提供强有力的管理策略与科学参考。The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has strategic importance for optimizing water allocation in China.Therefore it is crucial for ensuring safety of water quality in water source areas.Currently water quality of the water source areas is generally good,but more attention needs to be paid on risks such as failing to meet water quality standards,eutrophication,extreme algal bloom,and tailings pond leakage or dam failure.Based on review of current situation,it is found that water quality are mainly affected by factors of human activities,engineering,nature and management.Current situation and existing problems related to water quality safeguarding and management are summarized from the aspects of industrial development,pollution prevention and control,monitoring and supervision,risk prevention and water quality management.Based on the above,a comprehensive management framework is proposed,including a development system that couples and coordinates industries,agriculture,service,ecological industries and environment;a full process water pollution prevention and control system that reduces emissions at the source,controls process,and end treatment;a modern monitoring and control system that covers all elements,all weather,and all coverage;a full chain risk prevention and control system that identifies and evaluates,monitors and alerts,predicts and warns,and responds to emergencies;a comprehensive scientific and technical support system that boosts theoretical research,technical development,platform and talent development;and a comprehensive management system that led by legislation,perfect institutions and mechanisms,standardized construction and capacity building.This shall help to develop strategies and scientific solutions to ensure the sustainability of water diversion to the north.

关 键 词：南水北调中线工程 水源地 水质安全 常规水质超标 藻类异常增殖 富营养化 

分 类 号：TU991.21[建筑科学—市政工程]