京大戟提取物对福寿螺的毒力效应及作用机制  

Toxicity effects and mechanism of ethonal extract from Euphorbia pekinensis on Pomacea canaliculata

作　　者：韩浩宇 鲁仙 赵志淼 陆秋露 李勤芬 张饮江[1,2] HAN Haoyu;LU Xian;ZHAO Zhimiao;LU Qiulu;LI Qinfen;ZHANG Yinjiang(College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Universities,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海201306 [2]水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《生物安全学报（中英文）》2024年第4期408-414,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2601303、2022YFC2601305、2022YFC2601304)。

摘　　要：【目的】福寿螺入侵对我国湿地生态系统和农业生态系统造成严重危害,开发绿色生物灭螺剂有利于保障我国的生物安全、生态安全和粮食安全,是筑牢生物安全屏障的重要举措。【方法】本研究采用冷浸超声法,对植物源药剂京大戟进行提取,研究其提取物对福寿螺的毒力效应,并基于动态观察法深入分析提取物的毒杀作用机制。【结果】京大戟乙醇提取物具有显著灭螺活性,药液处理12 h即可造成福寿螺死亡,死亡率与药液浓度和处理时间呈正比,概率单位法回归分析得出福寿螺幼螺和成螺72 h的半数致死浓度(LC 50)分别为0.639和0.926 g•L^(-1),说明幼螺对供试提取物更敏感;72 h半数致死浓度下福寿螺腹足乙酰胆碱酯酶和一氧化氮合酶呈先上升后下降的趋势;经药液处理后福寿螺肝脏中丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05),而谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶与空白对照相比明显下降,说明京大戟提取物对福寿螺的肝功能和抗氧化机制造成明显破坏。【结论】京大戟对福寿螺具有显著的灭杀生物活性,具备开发为生物灭螺剂的潜力。【Aim】The invasion of the golden apple snail(Pomacea canaliculata)poses a severe threat to China′s wetland and agricultural ecosystems.To ensure national biosecurity,ecological safety,and food security,developing green biological molluscicides is essential for control of this pest.【Method】Herein,we obtained an extract of the botanical agent Euphorbia pekinensis using a cold soaking ultrasonic extraction procedure and assessed the toxic effects of this extract on P.canaliculata.In addition,we comprehensively analyzed the mode of action of the extract based on dynamic observations.【Result】We found that the ethanol extract of E.pekinensis has notable molluscicidal activity,with snail mortality being observed within 12 h of treatment,and positive correlations being detected among the rate of mortality,extract concentration,and exposure duration.By performing regression analysis based on the probit unit method,we determined the 72-h median lethal concentration(LC 50)values of 0.639 and 0.926 g•L^(-1) for juvenile and adult snails,respectively,thereby indicating the higher sensitivity of juveniles.Treatment using the LC 50 of the extract over a 72-h period revealed an initial increase and subsequent decline in the levels of pedal acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in snails.After treatment,we detected a significant increase in malondialdehyde content in the snail′s liver(P<0.05),along with notable reductions in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,compared with the control group.These findings indicate that E.pekinensis extracts can significantly disrupt snail liver function and antioxidant mechanisms.【Conclusion】The findings of this study reveal that an extract of E.pekinensis has significant molluscicidal bioactivity against P.canaliculata,thereby indicating its potential for development as a biological molluscicide.

关 键 词：福寿螺 京大戟 绿色防控 毒力效应 作用机制 

分 类 号：TQ453[化学工程—农药化工]