论马克思对苏格兰历史学派的批判与超越  

On Marx’s Criticism and Transcendence of the Scottish Historical School

作　　者：廖兴兴 Liao Xingxing(Department of Philosophy,Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party〔National Academy of Governance〕,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)哲学教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第6期96-108,共13页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：作为苏格兰启蒙运动中的重要学术流派,苏格兰历史学派坚持感性经验的原则,关注现实生活的人,强调经济在历史发展中的基础作用,指出社会体制是物质生活条件与财产制度的产物,并在此基础上提出了社会发展的“四阶段理论”。马克思提出的人的社会性本质、经济基础决定上层建筑与社会形态演进的规律都在一定程度上体现了苏格兰历史学派的影响。但面对苏格兰历史学派的理论困境,马克思在新的时代背景下,通过实践探索和理论探索从困境中突破和超拔出来,并由此指出苏格兰历史学派的思想具有直观的感性经验论与唯心主义的色彩,批评这一学派坚持的方法具有抽象的形而上学性质,批判其维护私有财产的永恒性。阐释马克思思想与苏格兰历史学派的传承性、差异性与超越性,不仅有助于把握历史唯物主义的生成性,理解历史唯物主义变革的根本观点与核心内容,而且有助于增强对马克思学说思想史渊源的理解。As an important academic school in the Scottish Enlightenment,the Scottish historical school adheres to the principle of perceptual experience,pays attention to people in real life,emphasizes the fundamental role of economy in historical development,points out that social system is the product of material living conditions and property system,and puts forward the“four-stage theory”of social development on this basis.The social nature of man,the principle that superstructure determined by the economic foundation and the law of the evolution of social form proposed by Marx all reflect the influence of the Scottish historical school to a certain extent.However,in the face of the theoretical dilemma of the Scottish historical school,Marx broke through the dilemma through his own practical exploration and theoretical exploration in the new era,and on this basis pointed out that the ideas of the Scottish historical school were characterized by empirical intuition and idealism,criticizing their method as having an abstract metaphysical nature and defending the perpetuity of private property.Examining the inheritance,difference and transcendence of historical materialism and Scottish historical school is not only helpful for us to grasp the generation of historical materialism,understand the fundamental viewpoint and core content of historical materialism reform,but also help us to enhance our understanding of the historical origin of Marx’s theory of thought.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 苏格兰启蒙 苏格兰历史学派 马克思 继承 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]