西辽河平原浅埋滴灌玉米根系生长及水分利用特征  

Effect of subsurface drip irrigation on root growth and water utilization of maize in Xiliao River Plain

作　　者：聂会东 张晓敏 杨威 屈忠义 张栋良[1] 王振兴 王玉磊 NIE Huidong;ZHANG Xiaomin;YANG Wei;QU Zhongyi;ZHANG Dongliang;WANG Zhenxing;WANG Yulei(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Tongliao Horqin District Water Conservancy Development Center,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [3]通辽市科尔沁区水利事业发展中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第11期10-17,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0015);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才项目(NJYT23102);内蒙古农业大学2022年大学生创新创业训练项目(202210129055)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究西辽河平原浅埋滴灌玉米根系生长及水分利用特征。【方法】在通辽市科尔沁区开展田间试验,设置浅埋滴灌条件下的6个处理,分别为220mm(CK)、195mm(W1)、170mm(W2)、145mm(W3)、120mm(W4)和95 mm(W5),研究不同灌溉定额下玉米根系生长性状与水分利用效率的变化及其相互作用,进一步结合经济效益分析,优化玉米浅埋滴灌灌溉制度。【结果】玉米成熟期0~40 cm土层的根系干物质量、根长、根表面积和根系直径的变化规律基本一致,均随灌水量的减少呈先增加后降低的趋势。玉米全生育期耗水量随灌溉定额的减少而下降,籽粒产量与灌溉定额呈二次抛物线关系,各处理水分利用效率表现为先增后减的变化规律,W2处理的玉米水分利用效率最大(2.46 kg/m^(3))。玉米籽粒产量与0~20 cm土层的根质量密度、根长密度和根表面积密度、30~40cm土层的根系直径显著正相关。各处理的净效益随灌水量的减少呈先增加后减少的趋势,灌溉定额为170mm时的净效益最高,为20098元/hm^(2)。【结论】浅埋滴灌技术是西辽河平原玉米种植区适合推广的节水灌溉技术,推荐西辽河平原浅埋滴灌玉米灌溉定额为170 mm。【Objective】Subsurface drip irrigation is a water-saving technique that involves burying emitters in the soil.Its efficacy depends on irrigation amount.This paper investigates the impact of irrigation amount in subsurface drip irrigation on root growth and water use efficiency of maize cultivated in the Xiliao River Plain,Northeastern China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a maize field in the Keerqin District of Tongliao City,comprising six treatments with its associated irrigation amount being 220 mm(CK),195 mm(W1),170 mm(W2),145 mm(W3),120 mm(W4),and 95 mm(W5),respectively.For each treatment,we measured root distribution and water use efficiency.【Result】The spatial distribution patterns of root dry matter,root length,root surface area,and root diameter in the 0-40 cm soil layer at the maturity stage were similar across all treatments.As the irrigation amount decreased,these root characteristics initially increased and then decreased.The total water consumption of the maize during its growing season decreased with reduced irrigation amount,while the relationship between kernel yield and irrigation amount followed a quadratic pattern.With increasing irrigation amount,water use efficiency initially increased and then declined,with W2 achieving the highest water use efficiency at 2.46 kg/m^(3).Grain yield showed significant positive correlations with root weight density,root length density,and root surface area density in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and root diameter in the 30-40 cm soil layer.Net benefit increased with reduced irrigation among initially and then declined,with the highest net benefit of 20098 Yuan/hm^(2) achieved when the irrigation amount was 170 mm.【Conclusion】Subsurface drip irrigation is a water-saving technology,applicable for maize production in Xiliao River Plain in the northeastern China.The optimal irrigation amount was 170 mm.

关 键 词：浅埋滴灌 玉米 根系性状 水分利用效率 灌溉制度 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]