城市再野化的理论基础与实践前景  

Theoretical Foundation and Practical Prospect for Urban Rewilding

作　　者：胡尚春[1] 刘佳慧 苏醒 李宝琴 HU Shangchun;LIU Jiahui;SU Xing;LI Baoqin(School of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University;Chongqing Institute of Landscape Architecture;TEDA Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Institute)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院 [2]重庆市风景园林规划研究院 [3]天津泰达园林规划设计院有限公司

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第11期12-21,共10页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市再野化优化策略研究”(编号32171845);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“生态系统服务视角下的城市廊道植物多样性与景观偏好耦合效应研究”(编号2572022BK01);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目“基于生物多样性的植物景观数字模型构建与应用研究”(编号LH2023C045)。

摘　　要：【目的】随着城市化进程的推进和工业发展,人类生存环境日益恶化,人类与荒野自然的联系愈加疏远。生态环境领域的学者们认识到城市再野化的必要性,并力求在城市中重塑人类与野性自然的联系。对城市再野化基础理论的探讨能够为未来城市绿化建设和管理提供一定理论参考。【方法/过程】阐释城市再野化的背景和内涵;总结城市再野化的相关基础理论并阐明各理论之间的联系,相关基础理论包括城市生态学、再野化、基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS)和亲生命性(biophilia)、景观生态学、生物多样性、群落构建、群落演替、自我设计与人为设计、入侵生态学、景观干扰与韧性、暴露生态学、景观偏好;为了展示各理论之间的有机联系,对这些理论从城市生态系统和再野化视角进行梳理,从实践环节和城市生态系统要素方面阐释上述理论,分析归纳城市再野化的开展思路以及各个步骤所对应的理论;探讨城市再野化未来的研究和实践方向。【结果/结论】通过对城市再野化相关基础理论的梳理和分析,表明各个理论是有机联系的而非机械的组合,从而系统性地分析总结出城市再野化的理论基础,为今后城市再野化理论体系的建立提供支持,也为该领域学术研究与应用实践提供思路。[Objective]The process of urbanization and industrial development have led to the increasing deterioration of the human living environment,and made the relationship between human and wild nature increasingly alienated.Scholars in the field of ecology and environment are aware of the necessity of urban rewilding and strive to restore the connection between human and wild nature in the city.Urban rewilding is a measure to restore the natural ecological process of the urban environment to protect urban biodiversity and enhance urban residents’daily contact with wild nature.The discussion on the theoretical foundation for urban rewilding can provide theoretical reference for future urban greening construction and management.[Methods/process]This research introduces the background and connotation of urban rewilding,summarizes relevant basic theories of urban rewilding,and explains the connections between such theories.These theories include urban ecology,rewilding,Nature-based Solutions(NbS)and biophilia,landscape ecology,biodiversity,community assembly,community succession,self-design and designer approach,invasion ecology,landscape disturbance and resilience,exposure ecology,and landscape preference theories.In order to show the organic connections between the aforesaid theories,this research sorts out these theories from the perspectives of urban ecosystem and rewilding,explains these theories from the perspectives of practice sector and elements of urban ecosystem,and analyzes and summarizes the schemes of urban rewilding and the theories corresponding to each step of the scheme.In addition,the research also explores the future research and practice directions of urban rewilding.[Results/conclusion]Through a systematic analysis of the theoretical foundation for urban rewilding,the research finds that the theories discussed are organically related rather than mechanically combined.Thus,a systematic analysis and summary of the theoretical foundation for urban rewilding is made,which provides support for the establ

关 键 词：城市再野化 生态修复 风景园林管理 植被动态 生物多样性 可持续性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]