草本植物群落的抗入侵性:影响机制与设计策略  

Invasion Resistance of Herbaceous Plant Community:Influence Mechanism and Design Strategy

作　　者：李仓拴 张琼文 王菲 刘晖[2] LI Cangshuan;ZHANG Qiongwen;WANG Fei;LIU Hui(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Northwest A&F University;College of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第11期79-85,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“园林草本植物群落CSR功能群构成与稳定关系研究”(编号32401654);陕西省自然科学基金青年项目“基于生物多样性的关中城市缀花草坪植物群落设计模式研究”(编号2021JQ-176)。

摘　　要：【目的】除草一直是园林草本植物群落管理的棘手问题,而提高群落的抗入侵性是降低除草成本的关键途径。群落抗入侵机制作为入侵生态学研究的核心内容,旨在揭示生态因子对群落抗入侵性的影响规律。受制于研究范式的差异,这些规律须经过设计应用转换,才能真正实现理论指导实践。【方法】通过文献分析,梳理群落抗入侵性影响机制,并从风景园林的视角提出群落抗入侵性提升策略。【结果】草本植物群落抗入侵性受生境、群落结构、群落组成和干扰等因素的综合影响,其中群落组成是主要影响要素;群落的抗入侵机制可通过生态学变量和设计变量的关联,转化为具体的生境营造、群落设计、建植途径和管理维护等提升抗入侵性的设计策略。【结论】生态学基础理论可以被转换为对设计具有指导意义的操作方法,关键在于找到生态变量与设计变量的关联,这也是实现生态学与风景园林交叉的“桥梁”之一。[Objective]Weed control has always been a difficult problem for urban green space managers around the world.Weeds grow rapidly,which not only compete with flowers for nutrients,water and other resources,but also serve as the intermediate host of a variety of pests and diseases.Therefore,the poor control of weeds will surely affect the growth of flowers and plants.The current weed control methods mainly include manual weed removal,mulch cultivation and use,chemical weed control,etc.,some of which are time-consuming and laborious or prone to cause environmental pollution,thus failing to achieve efficient and ecological weed control.However,the biological control method is seldom used in garden green space,for which the main reason is that the survival mechanism between different species(such as adaptive relationship with the habitat,community structure,community composition,external interference,etc.)has not been transformed into operable rules and methods.The key to biological control is to improve the invasion resistance of plant community,which is also a key way to radically reduce the cost of weed control.Relevant research on the mechanism of invasion resistance,the core content of invasion ecology research,has revealed a large number of underlying rules.However,such research has neither systematically sorted out the influence mechanism on community invasion resistance nor designed the application and transformation of the aforesaid rules,making it difficult to really realize the value of guidance of invasion resistance for community design.[Methods]Through literature analysis,this research sorts out the influence mechanism of community invasion resistance,and puts forward relevant strategies for improving community invasion resistance from the perspective of landscape architecture.This research systematically analyzes the ecological factors affecting the invasion resistance of herbaceous plant community and their relationship with community invasion resistance in ecological research,and transforms them into th

关 键 词：风景园林 植物群落设计 抗入侵性 入侵生态学 杂草 生态设计 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]