北京市中心城区综合公园开放共享适宜度评价  

Evaluation of Opening and Sharing Suitability of Comprehensive Parks in the Central Urban Area of Beijing

作　　者：李程 殷炜达[1] 陈睿儿 马宇嘉 LI Cheng;YIN Weida;CHEN Ruier;MA Yujia(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;Beijing Forestry University;School of Architecture,Tianjin University;Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis,University College London)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]北京林业大学 [3]天津大学建筑学院 [4]伦敦大学学院巴特莱特高级空间分析中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2024年第11期112-119,共8页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：【目的】随着中国进入后疫情时代,人们对在大型户外空间进行露营、野餐等集体休闲活动愈发热情与向往,构建针对城市综合公园开放共享适宜度的评价体系,可为住房和城乡建设部在全国开展的城市公园绿地开放共享试点工作提供参考。【方法】以北京市中心城区的44个综合公园为例,通过调研量化分析影响综合公园开放共享的主要因素,包括公园可达性、周边兴趣点(point of interest,POI)功能密度、周边POI功能混合度3个外部建成环境指标,以及公园人流量、公园人均绿地空间、可开展活动丰富度3个内部属性指标,并运用熵权TOPSIS模型赋予各指标权重。【结果】综合计算得出各综合公园的开放共享适宜度,其中17个公园适合立即开放共享,22个公园需要延缓开放共享,5个公园暂不适合开放共享。【结论】在多维指标的影响下,公园开放共享适宜度与城市功能分区之间呈现出较强的相关性,公园可达性、公园人均绿地空间2个指标对公园开放共享适宜度影响较大,该结论可为城市公园可持续发展战略的制定提供参考。[Objective]As we enter a post-epidemic era,it appears that more and more people are finding solace in outdoor leisure activities such as camping and picnics.Responding to this trend,the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has launched a program for pilot opening and sharing of city parks and green spaces across the country.The central urban area of Beijing is a relatively densely populated and functionally rich urban area in China,and the distribution of parks shows a trend of gradual increase from the center outwards,but the current status of scattered distribution and single function of the parks will impose certain limitations on urban space in the future.This research analyzes comprehensive parks in the central urban area of Beijing to determine their suitability for opening and sharing.[Methods]The research defines opening and sharing suitability and identifies six factors influencing the opening and sharing suitability of parks,including three built environment factors—park accessibility,and functional density and functional mixing degree of points of interest(POI),and three internal attribute factors—degree of crowd concentration,green space per capita,and available activities in parks.In the research,the entropy-weighted method is used to calculate the information entropy and information utility value of each evaluation factor and the weights of the six factors.Then the data corresponding to the six factors of each park are processed and the individual scores of each park are obtained,and the individual items are weighted and added together to obtain the value of opening and sharing suitability.Finally,the opening and sharing suitability of each park is ranked and the parks are classified according to the trend of data distribution into three categories:Parks suitable for immediate opening and sharing,parks requiring delayed opening and sharing,and parks unsuitable for opening and sharing.The geospatial landing of these parks was carried out according to the types,the parks were analyzed h

关 键 词：风景园林 公园绿地 公共活动空间 开放共享 指标评价 熵权TOPSIS模型 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU984