国家力量、推送模式与国际组织的国家代表性——基于联合国系统职员数据的实证分析  

Factors Affecting National Representation in International Organizations:An Empirical Study Based on the United Nations System Staff Statistics

作　　者：赵源[1] 吴博晋 Zhao Yuan;Wu Bojin

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际组织学院,北京100089

出　　处：《国际论坛》2024年第6期41-62,156,157,共24页International Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“国家能力、推送模式与国际组织的国家代表性研究”(项目批准号:24CGJ005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：成员国在国际组织任职的本国公民数量是该国在组织中代表性的重要组成部分。职员是成员国对国际组织施加非正式影响的途径之一,因此国际组织中的国家代表性也成为各成员国关注的重点。国家物质性力量、非物质性力量、国际组织活动数量以及时间对国家代表性均产生一定的影响。其中,非物质性力量在此前探讨国家代表性影响机制的研究中鲜有出现。通过对联合国成员国40年的数据进行分析以及对上述国家代表性影响因素进行验证,发现传统工业化国家和新兴国家在联合国的代表性特征各有不同。对亚洲和欧洲国家的案例分析进一步表明,如若按照国家力量水平和增长率这两个维度进行分类,不同国家在推动本国公民进入国际组织时采取的不同模式,可以概括为“维持秩序型国家”“寻求重构型国家”“顺水推舟型国家”及“被迫改变型国家”。这些国家在国际组织中的职员代表性现状千差万别,将本国公民推送进入国际组织投入的资源也各不相同。本研究对国家代表性领域过往文献进行了理论与实证补充,并为主权国家向国际组织输送本国公民任职的实践提供政策启示。The number of a member state’s nationals working in international organizations(IOs)serves as an important indicator of the state’s national representation.As a source of informal influence on the organization,IO staff has been paid much attention to by member states.The material capacities,immaterial capacities,IO activity frequencies and time have an influence on national representation.The concept of immaterial capacities has rarely been discussed in previous studies on the mechanisms influencing national representation.An analysis of the data from United Nations member states over 40 years reveals distinct patterns of representation between traditional industrialized nations and emerging countries.We also tested representative influencing factors for the countries mentioned above.Case studies from Asian and European countries further demonstrate that,based on their level and rate of power growth,nations can be categorized into different categories when promoting their citizens into IOs:“Order-maintaining Countries,”“Restructuring-seeking Countries,”“Trend-following Countries,”and“Forced-Change Countries.”The status of representation of these countries’citizens in IOs varies greatly,as does the level of the resources each country invests in advancing its citizens into such roles.This paper complements previous research in both theoretical and empirical analyses and provides policy insights for the countries aiming to improve national representation.

关 键 词：国家代表性 国际组织 联合国 非正式影响 国家力量 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]