国家中心主义和超国家主义的博弈:欧洲一体化进程中的共同领事保护制度  

The Game Between State-centrism and Supernationalism:The EU’s Common Consular Protection System in the Process of European Integration

作　　者：谭子恒 夏莉萍[1] Tan Ziheng;Xia Liping

机构地区：[1]外交学院外交学与外事管理系,北京100037

出　　处：《国际论坛》2024年第6期118-138,159,160,共23页International Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大课题“完善我国领事保护制度研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD206);外交学院研究生科研创新项目(A类)“百年大变局下中国领事保护与协助能力建设研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：欧盟共同领事保护制度在欧洲一体化进程中不断发展,《马斯特里赫特条约》创造了共同领事保护的概念,《里斯本条约》赋予了欧盟理事会保护第三国境内欧盟公民的立法权限。欧盟共同领事保护制度属于与国家主权密切相关的“高政治”领域,其推进深受国家中心主义的影响。从积极方面来看,欧盟成员国通过政府间谈判,平衡成员国之间的利益诉求,使欧盟共同领事保护制度建立在互惠和可持续的基础上。同时,欧盟成员国的理性选择为欧盟共同领事保护制度指引发展方向,使其展现出强大的功能价值。从消极方面来看,欧盟成员国对国际谈判的必要性认知不足、对主权让渡的敏感以及国家利益优先的思维制约着欧盟共同领事保护制度发展,造成共同领事保护制度的国际谈判进展缓慢、超国家机构的作用受限和国籍歧视现象的发生。为此,欧盟通过推进共同领事保护制度的国际谈判进程、完善其参与的共同领事保护格局以及优化共同领事保护的范围与保障机制,减少国家中心主义的消极影响,推动共同领事保护制度向更深入的一体化方向发展。欧盟共同领事保护制度为破解区域一体化进程中的国家中心主义困境提供了重要经验启示。The European Union’s(EU’s)common consular protection system has been evolving throughout the process of European integration.The concept was established in the Maastricht Treaty,while the Lisbon Treaty granted the European Council with legislative authority to protect EU citizens in third countries.The EU’s system falls within the“high politics”domain closely tied to national sovereignty,and its advancement is significantly influenced by state-centrism.Positively,EU member states balance their interests through intergovernmental negotiations,thus establishing the EU’s common consular protection system on a foundation of reciprocity and sustainability.Simultaneously,the rational choices made by EU member states guide the system’s development and demonstrate its strong functional value.However,challenges arise from inadequate recognition of the necessity for international negotiations,sensitivity towards sovereignty transfers,and the prioritization of national interests among EU member states.These factors constrain the system’s progress,resulting in sluggish international negotiations,limited roles for EU supranational institutions,and instances of nationality-based discrimination.To this end,the EU seeks to mitigate the negative impact of state-centrism and foster further integration of the system by facilitating relevant international negotiations,improving the framework of common consular protection in which the EU participates,and optimizing the scope and safeguard mechanisms of common consular protection.The common consular protection system has provided valuable insights for the EU to navigate the predicament of state-centrism.

关 键 词：欧洲一体化 欧盟共同领事保护制度 《里斯本条约》 国家中心主义 超国家主义 

分 类 号：D50[政治法律—政治学]