基于遗传算法的门式起重机主梁结构优化设计  

Optimization design of gantry crane main beam structure based on genetic algorithm

作　　者：李晓飞 邢海军 LI Xiaofei;XING Haijun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《中国工程机械学报》2024年第5期657-661,共5页Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934201)。

摘　　要：门式起重机是一种广泛应用于露天货场的装卸机械,其承载部分主要包括主梁和支腿,对起重机的承载结构进行优化设计可以保证在安全的条件下减轻起重机重量,节约制造成本。本文以现有50 t、35 m跨的起重机主梁为研究对象,分析了门式起重机的计算工况及载荷,建立了门式起重机主梁的优化设计数学模型。并采用遗传算法(GA)对其进行优化,得到了主梁结构尺寸的最优值。同时主梁的强度、刚度、稳定性以及局部稳定性等约束条件均符合要求。优化后主梁自重减轻约22.65%,有效地降低了材料成本,且用有限元验证了其正确性。Gantry crane is a kind of loading and unloading machinery which is widely used in open yard.Its bearing part mainly includes main beam and leg.Optimizing the bearing structure of the crane can reduce the weight of the crane and save the manufacturing cost under the condition of ensuring safety.This paper takes the existing 50 t and 35 m span crane main beam as the research object,analyzes the calculation condition and load of gantry crane,establishes the mathematical model of gantry crane main beam optimization design,and adopts genetic algorithm to optimize it.The optimum size of the main beam is obtained,and the constraint conditions such as strength,stiffness,stability and local stability of the main beam meet the requirements.After optimization,the weight of the main beam is reduced by about 22.65%,which effectively reduces the material cost,and its correctness is verified by finite element method.

关 键 词：门式起重机 遗传算法 结构优化 多工况约束 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH213.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]