我国爆炸加工的应用与技术进展  

The application and development of explosive working in China

作　　者：李晓杰[1,2,3] 王小红 闫鸿浩[1,2,3] 王宇新 LI Xiao-jie;WANG Xiao-hong;YAN Hong-hao;WANG Yu-xin(School of Mechanics,Aeronautics and Astronautics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;The State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;Explosive Processing Committee,China Society of Explosives and Blasting,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]中国爆破行业协会爆炸加工委员会,北京100070

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第5期75-84,共10页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12072067)。

摘　　要：我国的爆炸加工发展与世界几乎同步,由对国际上爆炸成形、焊接等技术的跟踪,逐渐形成了具有自己特色的爆炸加工理论与生产技术。爆炸成形由最初对重型压力装备的替代,已发展成为更精细爆炸技术;爆炸硬化、爆炸消除焊接残余应力已经在电力、铁道等领域成为独特的加工手段;爆炸合成的金刚石等材料也已经生产应用;爆炸焊接的加工产能已超过世界一半,所生产加工的各种金属复合材料已完全取代进口,在军事与民用工业的众多领域取得广泛应用。作为改善爆炸加工安全、环保与生产条件的装备设施,各种水池、水井、大型爆炸容器、爆炸洞也已开始应用。通过对我国爆炸加工的这些工业生产技术发展进行总结与展望,以期促进行业的发展与进步。The research and production of explosive working in China has developed almost simultaneously with the world's technology.From the following of international explosive forming,explosive welding and other technologies,Chinese explosive working theories and production technologies have been formed gradually.Explosive forming has evolved from an alternative technology for heavy pressure equipment to a more refined explosive technology.Explosive hardening and explosive eliminating of welding residual stress have become unique processing methods in fields such as power and railways.Diamond and other materials synthesized by explosion have also been produced and applied.The processing capacity of explosive welding has exceeded half of the world's total capacity,and various metal clad materials produced and processed by explosion have completely replaced imports,achieving widespread applications in many fields of military and civil industry.As equipment and facilities to improve the safety,environmental protection,and production conditions,various water tanks,wells,large explosive containers,and explosive chambers have also begun to be applied in explosive working.By summarizing and looking forword to the development of these industrial production technologies in explosive working in China,it aims to promote the development and progress of the industry.

关 键 词：爆炸加工 爆炸成形 爆炸焊接 爆炸复合 爆炸合成 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] TG456.6[理学—力学] TB41[金属学及工艺—焊接]