综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危控制技术  

The danger relief technology in far field of ultra-deep hole pre-splitting blasting in hard roof of fully mechanized mining face

作　　者：徐颖[1] 杨敬轩[2] 傅菊根[1] 黄文尧[3] 杨荣周 王梦想[1] XU Ying;YANG Jing-xuan;FU Ju-gen;HUANG Wen-yao;YANG Rong-zhou;WANG Meng-xiang(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China;School of Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第5期112-124,共13页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074009)。

摘　　要：工程实践表明,顶板事故在煤矿各类事故中占首要位置,已严重制约了我国现代化矿井安全高效开采。为了实现煤矿综采面坚硬顶板的安全治理,亟需形成综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危控制技术以有效解决因工作面大空间坚硬顶板垮落而影响安全生产的重大难题。基于此,通过自主创新和联合攻关,面向深部矿井坚硬顶板,开展了综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危技术研究;研发了高威力三级煤矿许用水胶炸药、填塞材料等技术与装备,形成了成熟的深孔爆破工艺,突破了厚硬顶板爆破中煤矿许用炸药威力与安全度的矛盾,解决了超深孔爆破中炸药可靠起爆等技术瓶颈问题;通过构建大空间采场覆岩-支架-围岩系统力学模型,揭示了采场大小周期来压及强矿压作用机理,提出了大空间采场厚硬覆岩多层位精准定位爆破弱化控制原理和基于爆破损伤的综采工作面厚硬顶板深孔爆破参数设计方法,形成了综采工作面厚硬顶板超前深孔卸压控制技术。研究成果在全国近百个综采面进行工程应用,未发生一起顶板事故,避免了综采面厚硬顶板发生压架、形成飓风、矿震等重大安全事故的风险,保障了综采面的安全高效生产,为综采面坚硬顶板远场解危的设计提供了理论依据并为现场施工提供了指导作用。Engineering practice shows that roof accidents occupy the primary position in all kinds of coal mine accidents,which has seriously restricted the safe and efficient mining of modern mines in our country.To realize the safe treatment of hard roofs in fully mechanized coal mining faces,there is an urgent need to form a complete set of technologies of ultra-deep hole presplitting blasting to solve the danger of hard roofs in fully mechanized mining faces to effectively solve the major problem that can not be produced normally due to the collapse of hard roof in large space of working face.Based on this,through independent innovation and joint tackling of key problems,facing the hard roofs of deep mines,the research on the technology of ultra-deep hole presplitting blasting to solve the danger of hard roofs in fully mechanized mining faces was carried out.The technology and equipment of permissible water gel explosives and plugging material in high-power third-grade coal mines have been developed,and the mature deep hole blasting technology has been formed,which breaks through the contradiction between the power and safety of coal mine allowable explosives in thick hard roof blasting,and the technical bottlenecks such as reliable initiation of explosives in ultra-deep hole blasting were solved.By constructing the mechanical model of an overburden-support-surrounding rock system in a large space stope,the mechanism of large and small periodic pressure and strong mine pressure was revealed.The weakening control principle of multi-layer precise positioning blasting of thick hard overburden in large space stope and the design method of deep hole blasting parameters of the thick hard roof in fully mechanized mining face based on blasting damage were put forward,and the pressure relief control technology of deep hole in thick hard roof of fully mechanized mining face was formed.The field application results showed that there was not a roofing accident in the fully mechanized face after the hard roof was weakened,which avoi

关 键 词：综采面厚硬顶板 超深孔预裂爆破 高威力水胶炸药 爆破致裂机理 安全高效开采 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD823