氢化镁型氢能炸药的试验研究  

Experimental study on high energy hydrogen explosive of magnesium hydride

作　　者：沈兆武[1] 李会超 马宏昊[1] 王鲁庆 何泽 SHEN Zhao-wu;LI Hui-chao;MA Hong-hao;WANG Lu-qing;HE Ze(School of Engineering Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学工程科学学院,合肥230027

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第5期153-161,共9页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12472373);中国科学院合肥大科学中心协同创新培育基金资助项目(2022HSC-CIP027);安徽省杰青基金资助项目(2408085J006)。

摘　　要：为探究氢化镁在爆炸反应不同时期的反应规律,将氢化镁与锑黑炸药按照多种比例混合,利用水下爆炸试验测试了混合炸药的爆炸性能,分析了不同密度氢化镁对冲击波峰值超压、冲量、比冲击波能和比气泡能的影响:与高能炸药混合,氢化镁在爆炸过程中的反应进程靠后,对爆炸的峰压提升有限,但对冲量、比冲击波能和比气泡能提升显著,最多分别高达31.5%、30.5%和68.1%。为解决混合炸药中氢化镁反应进程靠后、分解产物易被抛散和氧竞争的问题,设计了以氢化镁作为主装药的试验并计算出一定密度氢化镁通过爆炸反应放出的能量,密度为0.14 g/cm^(3)的氢化镁比冲击波能比RDX高90%,比气泡能比RDX高426.1%。此外,通过改变氢化镁的密度,爆炸反应前中期的性能参数提升,爆炸反应后期的参数略有下降,表明可以通过改变氢化镁的密度提高爆炸性能,优化能量结构,氢化镁型氢能炸药具有较高的能量和广阔的应用前景。In order to study the reaction mechanism of magnesium hydride in different periods of explosion,the explosive performances of composite explosives with magnesium hydride and antimony explosive mixed with various proportions were tested by underwater explosion experiment.By analyzing the effects of different mass ratios of magnesium hydride on the peak pressure,impulse,specific shock wave energy and specific bubble energy,we found the reaction of magnesium hydride in high explosives was hysteresis,and the peak pressure was limited.However,the impulse,specific shock wave energy and specific bubble energy were increased significantly by 31.5%,30.5%and 68.1%respectively.To solve the above problems,the experiments of main charge of magnesium hydride were designed and the energy with a certain mass concentration of magnesium hydride was calculated.The shock wave energy of magnesium hydride with a mass concentration of 0.14 g/cm^(3) was 90%higher than that of RDX,and the bubble energy was 426.1%higher than that of RDX.In addition,by changing the mass concentration of magnesium hydride,the parameters of the pre-and mid-explosive reaction increased,while the late decreased slightly,indicating that the explosive performance can be improved by changing the mass concentration of magnesium hydride,and optimizing the energy structure of explosive is feasible.High energy hydrogen explosive of Magnesium hydride has high energy and wide application prospect.

关 键 词：混合炸药 水下爆炸 氢能炸药 能量结构 反应进程 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]