筑坝级配料爆破开采数值仿真与应用  

Numerical simulation method and application of hydraulic grade material extraction at engineering scale

作　　者：胡英国[1,2] 李庚泉 徐辰宇 杨招伟 董源 刘美山 HU Ying-guo;LI Geng-quan;XU Chen-yu;YANG Zhao-wei;DONG Yuan;LIU Mei-shan(Changjiang Water Resources Commission Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院,武汉430010 [2]水利部岩土力学与工程重点实验室,武汉430010

出　　处：《工程爆破》2024年第5期226-236,共11页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52279093,52079009)。

摘　　要：水电工程中堆石坝的长期运行安全与坝体填筑料的质量密切相关,科学、准确预测爆破级配分布是需要解决的关键问题。因此提出了一种适用于工程尺度的水工级配料开采爆破数值仿真方法,并结合重大水电工程应用以验证其有效性。首先,基于爆破块度形成的力学机理,结合相关测试数据,分析确定岩体破碎脱离母岩临界条件下的爆破损伤阈值,建立水工级配料开采岩体爆破破碎的损伤阈值判据;进而基于这一判据,采用图像软件对爆破块度边界进行识别,确定爆破块度的空间分布特征,并定量输出爆破级配分布曲线;最后基于两河口水电站大坝填筑料的爆破开采,采用上述方法分别针对堆石料和过渡料的开采爆破进行数值仿真,并采用现场实测的筛分资料进行对比,结果表明,所提的数值计算方法可以很好地模拟爆破块度的空间分布;进一步分析了不同孔位布置特性对级配料不均匀系数的影响,矩形布孔和梅花形布孔两类形式在形成爆破块度的分布特性上有明显的差异,矩形布孔有利于生成连续-不均匀的爆破级配分布形式。The safety of long-term running of the rockfill dams in hydropower engineering is closely related to the quality of dam filling materials,it is a important issue to predict the blasting grading distribution scientifically and accurately.A numerical simulation method for hydraulic grade material extraction blasting applicable to engineering scale is proposed,and its effectiveness based on major hydropower engineering applications are verified.First,based on the mechanical mechanism formed by blasting fragmentation and relevant test data,the blasting damage threshold is analyzed and determined under the critical condition of rock fragmentation and detachment from the parent rock and quantitatively output the distribution curve of blasting grading.In the end,conduct simulation based on the blasting mining of grading materials and transition materials for the dam of Lianghekou hydropower station and compare the result with the on-site measured screening data.It shows that the method can simulate the spatial distribution of blasting block size well.Furthermore the influence of different hole arrangement on the uneven coefficient of grading materials are analyzed,and there is a significant difference in the distribution characteristics of blasting block size between rectangular and staggered hole arrangement,and rectangular hole arrangement are conducive to generating a continuous uneven distribution of blasting block size.

关 键 词：爆破 破碎 数值模拟 图像识别 损伤 叠加 

分 类 号：O383.1[理学—流体力学] TV554[理学—力学]