儒家思想的域外司法影响——以美加两国普通法为例  

Impact of Confucianism on Foreign Judicial Practice——Taking Case Law of the USA and Canada as An Example

作　　者：张鹏[1] ZHANG Peng

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第11期53-67,共15页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：检索美国、加拿大法律数据库可以发现,儒家思想在普通法系国家的司法实践中得以传播并产生影响。美加两国法院突出孔子的先贤地位,将孔子名言作为全人类的价值共识加以引用,儒家经典被作为司法判例的整体凝练置于篇首,礼治、仁学理念及其他经典思想被作为司法理据。但美加两国司法判例中也存在对儒家思想的误读,主要体现为歧视抹黑、延伸解释、无从查证出处、引用错误、混淆典故等五个方面。儒家思想所代表的习惯规则与伦理规范在现代法治体系中具有重要的现代性意义。要破解儒家思想“西传”过程中碎片化的难题,发挥“东学西渐”的现代影响,应注重多学科交叉融合;兼采分析方法与案例研究,发掘儒家法理的现代法治意义;在法治视角下实现儒家思想的体系解读与微观解读相结合;选择契合西方法治思维的方式,形成鲜活的、流动的国际传播新模式。It is found upon the research of laws of the USA and Canada in databases that Confucianism has been disseminated and producing impact on judicial practice in common law countries.The courts in the USA and Canada have highlighted the status of Confucius as a sage,cited the famous words of Confucius as the value consensus of all mankind.Confucian classics have been placed at the beginning of the judicial judgments as the overall condensation of precedents,and the concepts of etiquette,benevolence and other classical ideas have been taken as judicial rationale.However,there are also misinterpretations of Confucianism in the judicial precedents of the USA and Canada,which are mainly reflected in five aspects:discrimination and smearing,extended interpretation,the absence of verified source,misquotation,and confusion of allusions.The customary rules and ethical norms represented by Confucianism are of important modern significance in the modern rule of law system.In order to solve the predicament of fragmentation in the process of"disseminating Confucianism to the West"and give full play to the modern impact of"eastern learning disseminated to the West",it is advisable to pay attention to multidisciplinary integration,to explore the significance of Confucian jurisprudence in modern rule of law by adopting both analytical method and case study,to achieve the combination of systematic and micro interpretation of Confucianism from the perspective of the rule of law,and to choose a way that is in line with the Western legal thinking to form a fresh,mobile and new model of international communication.

关 键 词：儒家思想 儒家法理 域外司法影响 国际传播 

分 类 号：DF08[政治法律—法学理论]