亚太环境问题:理论基础、安全化与合作动力  

Environmental Issues in the Asia⁃Pacific Region:Theoretical Foundation,Securitization and Driving Forces of Cooperation

作　　者：李建福 LI Jianfu(Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Ontario Tech University,Oshawa Ontario,L1G 0C5)

机构地区：[1]山西大学,山西太原030006 [2]加拿大安大略理工大学,安大略奥沙瓦L1G 0C5

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第10期28-41,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家留学基金管理委员会地方合作项目“环境政策进展研究”(202108140116)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：亚太地区面临的主要环境问题包括气候变化、海洋环境破坏和泥炭地破坏等。亚太国家通过多种途径实现这些环境问题的“安全化”,其目的是达成各自的政策目标,即发达国家提升地缘安全战略,而发展中国家实现发展战略。环境、安全与发展之间的互动关系是解决环境问题的理论基础。环境保护与实现发展是辩证统一、相辅相成的关系。从国内关系角度讲,亚太国家从经济发展与环境保护两方面同时发力、相向而行是必由之路;从国际关系角度讲,发达国家须积极支持发展中国家,并坚持“共同但有区别的责任”原则,以实现环境保护与可持续发展之间的双向互动。这就涉及四方面的动力,即中国发展参与为环境安全治理注入强劲动能,发达国家支持为环境安全治理提供经济活力,合作伙伴关系为环境安全治理建构原则意识,蓝色经济共识为环境安全治理维护共同利益。亚太国家不同的环境安全发展战略决定了它们不同的优先事项,但是发展蓝色经济是绕不开的话题,提升合作伙伴关系是建构环境安全制度的有效途径,所有国家实现可持续发展是解决环境问题的唯一出路,由此亚太国家会围绕环境、安全与发展持续展开争论。In the Asia-Pacific region,there are concrete environmental problems such as climate change,marine environmental destruction,and peatland transformation.Asian-Pacific countries apply different methods to securitize these environmental problems as respective policy targets.The developed countries promote their geopolitical security strategies while the developing countries achieve the goals of concrete de-velopmental strategies.The interactive relationship between environment,security,and development can serve as the solid theoretical foundation for resolving these three major environmental problems in the Asia-Pacific region.The relationship between environmental protection and development is dialectically unified and complementary to each other.And from the national perspective,Asian-Pacific countries should take great efforts on economic development and environmental protection to move towards a better resolution.From the international perspective,developed countries should actively support developing countries with the adherence to the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”to realize the interaction between environmental protection and sustainable development.Therefore,four dynamics are involved in the process of environmental security governance:1)the development and engagement of China in the envi-ronmental security governance;2)the support of developed countries providing economic vitality for envi-ronmental security governance;3)the cooperative partnerships between Asian-Pacific countries building a sense of principle for environmental security governance;and 4)the consensus of the blue economy guaran-teeing common interests in environmental security governance.These different strategic priorities for environment,security,and development determine the different goals of Asian-Pacific countries.However,the focus of all parties should be on developing the blue econo-my,while the effective means should be the construction of environmental agreements and regulations for the foundations of

关 键 词：环境安全 亚太地区 安全化 蓝色经济 

分 类 号：D815.3[政治法律—国际关系]