大国能源转型的政治经济学逻辑——基于英国、美国与德国的历史经验  

The Political Economy of Great Powers’Energy Transition:Historical Experiences from the United Kingdom,the United States and Germany

作　　者：马昊原 钟振明[1] MA Haoyuan;ZHONG Zhenming(Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第10期54-69,共16页Pacific Journal

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“亚太战略稳定研究”(2023BGJ006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清洁能源转型是碳中和与应对气候变化的必经之路,因此成为人类社会正在经历的重大变革。但当下所推崇的“价格—市场”范式存在较大局限性,阻碍着转型进程向前推进。此时,探索历史中的大国开展第一次能源转型的内在逻辑就成为给绿色转型提供启示的可取方法,因为绿色转型的根源正是第一次能源转型所开启的高碳排放时代。通过分析英国、美国与德国的转型过程,本文发现该时期国家整体政治经济动态对能源转型发挥了关键作用。其中,劳动力与新兴技术间的双向适配是能源转型得以开展的基础,资本利益为能源转型提供了主要动力,国家能力则为能源转型提供了制度保障。三者构成了让大国完成第一次能源转型的“致胜同盟”。这对清洁能源转型的启示在于国家应充分发挥应有职能并重视社会各部门的能动性,协调宏观政策、社会资本与人力资源间的联动关系,以清洁能源与实际生产相互结合、互相改良的方式培育新质生产力,从而推动清洁能源转型向前演化。The transition to clean energy is the path to achieving carbon neutrality and addressing climate change,having seen its significant transformation of human society.Historically,energy transitions have generated considerable productivity for states and provided early adopters with a competitive edge,thereby raising political significance and leadership of clean energy transition.However,the currently favored mar-ket-centred approach has substantial limitations,hindering the smooth progress of the transition.At this juncture,exploring the intrinsic logic of the first energy transition in great powers'history can provide valu-able insights for the green transition,as the root of the green transition rooted in the high carbon emission era initiated by the first energy transition.By analyzing the transition processes of the United Kingdom,the United States,and Germany,this paper finds that the decisive factors in the first energy transition were not limited to price and technology.The overall political and economic dynamics of the nation during that period had played a critical role.The bidirectional adaptation between labor and emerging technologies was the foundation for the energy transition,seeing capital interests as the main driving force and having state ca-pacity as institutional support.Together,these elements formed a winning coalition to enable great powers to complete the first energy transition.The implication for the clean energy transition is that states should em-phasize the agency of various social sectors,coordinate the interactions between macro policies,social cap-ital,and human resources,and foster new productive forces by integrating and mutually improving clean energy and actual production,thus advancing the clean energy transition.

关 键 词：能源转型 碳中和 历史研究 大国竞争 新质生产力 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]