环境污染物暴露对儿童免疫系统发育的影响  

Effects of environmental pollutant exposure on the development of immune system in children

作　　者：霍霞 谢博 曾志俊 徐锡金 HUO Xia;XIE Bo;ZENG Zhijun;XU Xijin(Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology,College of Environment and Climate,Jinan University,Guangzhou 511443,China;Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Guangzhou 510630,China;Department of Occupational and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China;Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology,Shantou University Medical College,Shantou 515041,China;Department of Cell Biology and Genetics,Shantou University Medical College,Shantou 515041,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境与气候学院环境医学与发育毒理学实验室,广州511443 [2]暨南大学第一附属医院环境医学与发育毒理学实验室,广州510630 [3]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室,重庆400016 [4]汕头大学医学院环境医学与发育毒理学实验室,汕头515041 [5]汕头大学医学院细胞生物学与遗传学教研室,汕头515041

出　　处：《广西医科大学学报》2024年第11期1530-1537,共8页Journal of Guangxi Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.22376079)。

摘　　要：环境污染物的暴露会导致炎症因子释放和免疫功能受损。本文基于粗放式电子垃圾拆解污染现场,通过检测重金属、有机污染物、大气污染物等环境污染物内、外暴露水平,儿童外周血炎症细胞、细胞因子和接种I类疫苗后血清特异性抗体浓度等免疫相关指标,探讨环境污染物暴露对儿童免疫系统发育的影响及其健康风险。结果发现,粗放式电子垃圾拆解区各类污染物处于较高水平,长期污染物暴露可造成儿童机体呈现慢性低度炎症状态,疫苗接种所产生的特异性抗体滴度较低且与污染物暴露水平负相关,儿童黏膜免疫系统受损,感冒、腹泻等呼吸、消化系统病症的发生频率增加,儿童免疫功能的变化与年龄、性别、营养状况和复合暴露有关。由于机体低度炎症是衰老和慢性疾病的重要因素,也是各类器官系统损伤和疾病发生的主要诱发因素,随着年龄的增长,罹患心血管疾病、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和自身免疫性疾病等慢性疾病的发病风险不断加大。研究提示,环境污染物暴露可通过干扰儿童期免疫系统的正常发育,增加成年后罹患相关疾病的风险。这些研究可为制定针对性的疫苗接种政策和慢性疾病的早期防控提供科学依据。Exposure to environmental pollutants can lead to the release of inflammatory factors and impaired immune function.Based on the e-waste recycling area,aiming to investigate the impact of pollutants on children’s immune system development and associated health risks,this study measures the levels of internal and external exposure to environmental pollutants,including heavy metals,organic pollutants,and atmospheric pollutants,along with immune-related markers such as peripheral blood inflammatory cells,cytokines,and serum-specific antibody concentrations following Class I vaccination.The results shows that pollutant levels in the e-waste recycling area are high.Long-term exposure leads to chronic low-grade inflammation in children.The titers of specific antibodies post-vaccination are low and negatively correlated with the pollutant exposure level.Children exhibit a compromised mucosal immune system,leading to increased occurrences of respiratory and digestive issues like influenza and diarrhea.Age,gender,nutritional status,and combined exposure are associated with changes in children’s immune function.Low-grade inflammation is a key factor in aging and chronic diseases,as well as a major predisposing factor for various organ system injuries and diseases.It increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,neurodegenerative disorders,and autoimmune diseases as children grow older.This study suggests that exposure to environmental pollutants can increase the risk of related diseases in adulthood by interfering with the normal development of the immune system in childhood.These studies provide a scientific basis for targeted vaccination policies and early chronic disease prevention strategies.

关 键 词：污染物暴露 免疫毒理 慢性低度炎症 儿童健康 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]