我国公共数据授权运营地方实践的主要模式与形成机制  

The Main Modes and Formation Mechanisms of Public Data Authorization Operation in China

作　　者：龚芳颖 张迎新 郭森宇 杨开峰[1] Gong Fangying;Zhang Yingxin;Guo Senyu;Yang Kaifeng(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学交叉科学研究院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第9期54-65,共12页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金管理科学部专项项目“公共数据开放利用与授权运营理论与制度设计”(编号:72342010);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目“公共数据授权运营机制与方案设计”(编号:72241434)。

摘　　要：公共数据授权运营作为一种全新的数据增值性开发利用机制,是构建数据基础制度、激活数据要素潜能的关键举措。近年来,我国地方政府陆续开启公共数据授权运营实践探索,不同的公共数据授权运营模式相继涌现,然而学界对于公共数据授权运营仍缺乏系统性理论解释,以致对各地实践模式的内涵定位与形成机制缺乏整体性认识和统一的分析框架,迫切需要理论构建以回应实践进展。本文首先归纳目前我国各省市公共数据授权运营实践,从宏观层面明晰地方公共数据授权运营的发展进程;而后以委托代理理论为视角,构建“治理结构—权力分配”的分析框架,从授权方式与汇运方式两个维度划分我国公共数据授权运营的四类理想类型,并探讨这些模式的不同表现形式、内在特征以及运行机制;最后,选取福建省、上海市、北京市作为典型案例,对三种理想类型进行了具体描述并对其形成机制进行了归纳概括。Public data authorization operation,as a new mechanism for value-added development and utilization of data,is a critical measure in establishing data infrastructure and activating the potential of data elements. In recent years,local governments in China have initiated explorations into public data authorization operations,resulting in the emergence of various modes of public data authorization operations. However,the academic community lacks a systematic theoretical explanation of public data authorization operations,leading to a lack of comprehensive understanding and unified analytical frameworks for the connotations and implementation mechanisms of different local practice models. There is an urgent need for theoretical construction to respond to practical developments. This paper first summarizes the current practices of public data authorization operations in various provinces and cities in China,clarifying the development process of local public data authorization operations from a macro perspective. Then,from the perspective of Principal-Agent Theory,it constructs an analytical framework of “Governance Structure-Power Allocation”,categorizing four ideal types of public data authorization operations in China based on authorization methods and pooling methods. It explores the different manifestations,inherent characteristics,and operational mechanisms of these models. Finally,taking Fujian Province,Shanghai,and Beijing as typical cases,the study provides specific descriptions of three ideal types and summarizes their formation mechanisms.

关 键 词：公共数据 授权运营 委托代理 开发利用 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]