政府数据共享的微观机制——基于A市C区数据局的田野观察  

A Study on the Micro-Mechanisms of Government Data Sharing--An Field Observation Based on the Data Bureau of District C

作　　者：句华[1,2] 吕慧敏 Ju Hua;Lyu Huimin(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国家治理研究院,北京100871 [2]北京大学政府绩效评估研究中心,北京100871 [3]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第9期66-76,共11页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“治理视域下中国政府与社会组织合作关系研究”(编号:22JJD630002)。

摘　　要：数据共享是数字政府建设的基础。本文基于C区数据局的田野观察,发现政府数据共享存在平台助力、互补交换、提级协调、议题捆绑四种微观机制。平台助力机制支撑无条件共享型数据实现直接共享,而有条件共享、不予共享等类型的数据共享需要调整组织结构要素,依托其他三种机制实现数据共享,数据敏感程度和数据流动方向是其重要影响因素。理论上,四种机制因地方政府能动性和自主性的不同而具有转换的可能。在推动数据共享过程中,枢纽型组织数据局发挥了搭建基础设施、传播数据信息、协调上下级部门、分担安全风险和推动数据质量提升等作用。在未来,数据局应健全鼓励数据共享的激励性制度,以更好发挥数据要素的潜在价值。Data sharing is the foundation of digital government construction,however,research on the micromechanisms of government data sharing is still insufficient. Based on field observations at the Data Bureau of District C,four micro-mechanisms of government data sharing were identified:platform facilitation,complementary exchange,escalated coordination,and issue bundling. The platform facilitation mechanism supports direct sharing of unconditionally shareable data,while conditionally shareable and non-shareable data require adjustments in organizational structural elements,relying on the other three mechanisms for data sharing.We continued to explore why there are different mechanisms for data sharing and found that data sensitivity and data flow direction are important influencing factors. Theoretically,these four mechanisms can transform depending on the dynamism and autonomy of local governments. In the process of promoting data sharing,the hub organization—Data Bureau plays roles in building infrastructure,disseminating data information,coordinating between upper and lower-level departments,sharing security risks,and improving data quality. In the future,the Data Bureau should establish incentive systems to encourage data sharing to better utilize the potential value of data elements.

关 键 词：数据共享 数据管理 数字政府 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]