政府职责体系优化的国际实践与启示——以美国政府问责署为例  

International Experience in Managing Fragmentation, Overlap and Duplication in Government: A Case Study of the US Government Accountability Office

作　　者：周志忍 徐艳晴[3,4] Zhou Zhiren;Xu Yanqing(Inner Mongolia University,and Researcher at National Governance Institute,Peking University,Hohot 010021;School of International Tourism and Public Administration,Hainan University,and Researcher at Hainan Research Center for Public Governance,Haikou 580228)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学公共管理学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]北京大学国家治理研究院 [3]海南大学国际旅游与公共管理学院,海口580228 [4]海南大学海南省公共治理研究中心

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第9期134-146,共13页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“建设责任明确,依法行政的政府治理体系研究”(编号:21AZD928)。

摘　　要：完善部门职责体系是十八大报告提出的重要任务,也是世界各国政府都会面临的突出问题。美国政府问责署为解决职责交叉重叠进行了40多年的探索,在管理流程、评估标准和方法、监测机制等方面建立了比较健全的制度和技术规范。从实践结果看,政府问责署在跨部门职责优化方面步履维艰,联邦政府宏观层面的职责配置结构陷入某种“制度锁定”,分权制衡特别是其背后的党争是其体制根源。政府问责署在既有配置结构下解决微观层面职责交叉重叠探索,仍然为我国部门职责体系优化实践和相关学术研究提供了启示和借鉴。Optimization of duties and functions allocation in government is an important task raised in the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC and a prominent problem facing most governments around the world. The US Government Accountability Office has been playing a leading role in dealing with fragmentation, overlap and duplication in federal agencies and programs. Sustained efforts for more than 40 years led to systematic institutional norms covering management framework, evaluation procedures, standards and technical specifications, as well as monitoring mechanisms. From the perspective of practical results, GAO achieved little in managing cross-departmental issues and the macro structure of duties and functions allocation in the US federal government falls into some kind of institutional “lock-in”. Separation of powers and the bitter partisan wrangle are the main reasons behind. However, GAO's experiences in dealing with fragmentation, overlap and duplication at the microscopic level under the established macro structure provide valuable lessons for China.

关 键 词：政府职责体系 部门职责体系 职责交叉重叠 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]