排球运动员髌骨软骨软化症的损伤机制和康复策略  

Injury Mechanism and Rehabilitation Strategy of Patellar Chondromalacia in Volleyball Players

作　　者：钟彩红 邓可欣 林剑虹 林悦晴 王勇 李明 ZHONG Cai-hong;DENG Ke-xin;LIN Jian-hong;LIN Yue-qing;WANG Yong;LI Ming(Fujian Institute of Sports Science,Fuzhou 350003,China;Yirui Sports Rehabilitation Center,Xiamen 361000,China;Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350004,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省体育科学研究所,福建福州350003 [2]医瑞运动康复中心,福建厦门361000 [3]福建医科大学,福建福州350004

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2024年第5期72-77,共6页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：2022年福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(项目编号:2022R1019004)。

摘　　要：髌骨软骨软化是一种主要在运动员中常发的病症,会对膝关节的正常功能产生明显影响。其特征症状表现为膝盖前部疼痛,在膝关节弯曲和长时间保持弯曲状态时疼痛加剧。恶化通常发生在蹲跳、爬楼梯、跳跃和各种体育动作中。在膝关节弯曲时,可能伴随摩擦感,有时引起周围组织的炎症,导致局部肿胀。进行腿部弯曲、跳跃和转身等动作时运动员可能会感到不适或疼痛。与疼痛同时,运动员可能感到膝盖周围肌肉的无力感,导致关节稳定性降低。髌骨软骨软化会影响排球运动员的运动能力、稳定性和整体表现。在进行蹲跳和快速变向等动作时,前膝疼痛加剧,影响集中力和比赛表现。降低膝关节活动度导致跳跃能力和爆发力减弱,影响防守动作和进攻过渡的关键时刻。此外,在快速横移、跳跃和起身等动作中感到不适,降低了运动员的灵活性,制约整体敏捷性并影响比赛的关键时刻。在防守或扑球动作中膝关节易感不稳定性,可能损害运动员的信心和准确性。因此,在排球运动员中探讨髌骨软骨软化具有至关重要的意义。本文阐述了排球运动特有的膝关节动态特征,分析了导致髌骨软骨软化的主要病理机制,并总结了这些运动活动与该病发展之间的相关性。鉴于髌骨软骨有限的再生能力,预防成为防止该病发生的关键焦点。鼓励教练和运动员在训练过程中提高对预防措施的认识,有望减轻损伤发生的可能性,从而提高运动员的表现水平。Chondromalacia patella is a common disease mainly in athletes,which will have a significant impact on the normal function of the knee joint.The characteristic symptom is pain in the front of the knee,which is aggrava-ted when the knee joint is bent and held in a bent position for a long time.Deterioration usually occurs during squat jumps,stair climbing,jumping,and various physical movements.When the knee joint is bent,it may be accom-panied by a sense of friction,sometimes causing inflammation of the surrounding tissues,resulting in local swell-ing.Athletes may experience discomfort or pain while performing leg bends,jumps,and turns.Along with the pain,the athlete may feel weakness in the muscles around the knee,resulting in reduced joint stability.Chondro-malacia patella can affect the athletic ability,stability and overall performance of volleyball players.When perfo-rming squat jumps and rapid changes of direction,the front knee pain is aggravated,affecting concentration and competition performance.Reduced knee mobility leads to reduced jumping ability and explosiveness,affecting critical moments of defensive movement and offensive transition.In addition,discomfort during rapid sideways movement,jumping and getting up reduces the athletes flexibility,constraining overall agility and affecting critical moments of the game.The knee joint is susceptible to instability during defensive or blocking movements,which may impair the confidence and accuracy of the player.Therefore,it is of vital significance to discuss chondromalacia patella in volleyball players.This paper describes the dynamic characteristics of the knee joint specific to volleyball,analyzes the main pathological mechanisms leading to chondromalacia of the patella,and summarizes the correlation between these movement activities and the development of the disease.Given the limited regenerative capacity of the patellar cartilage,prevention becomes a key focus in preventing the disease from occurring.Encouraging coaches and athletes to raise awareness o

关 键 词：髌骨软骨软化症 运动员 康复 损伤机制 

分 类 号：G842[文化科学—体育训练]