旅游情境下传统节庆的集体记忆与地方认同建构——基于“原真性”视角  

Construction of Collective Memory and Local Identity of Traditional Festivals in the Context of Tourism—Based on the“Authenticity”Perspective

作　　者：何银春 施晓莉 曾斌丹 王金伟 HE Yinchun;SHI Xiaoli;ZENG Bindan;WANG Jinwei(College of Tourism,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;The Research Base of Community for the Chinese Nation,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Hunan Research Base of China United Front Theory Research Association,Changsha 410081,China;School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学旅游学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学国家民委中华民族共同体研究基地,湖南长沙410081 [3]中国统一战线理论研究会湖南研究基地,湖南长沙410081 [4]北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院,北京100024

出　　处：《旅游科学》2024年第9期20-36,共17页Tourism Science

基　　金：湖南省社会科学基金项目“遗产认同视阈下侗族传统村落治理共同体构建研究”(20YBA161)。

摘　　要：传统节庆是中华优秀文化的重要组成部分,研究旅游情境下传统节庆如何通过唤起公众集体记忆进而影响地方认同建构,对于充分发挥传统节庆的社会功能具有十分重要的作用。文章以湖南省传统节庆大戊梁歌会为例,通过田野调查、半结构访谈、参与式观察,探讨原真性的视角下传统节庆集体记忆的建构及其特征,并在此基础上剖析集体记忆对地方认同建构的作用机制。研究表明:(1)原真性视角下集体记忆的建构遵循载体、主体、过程的分析框架,在客观主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆载体呈现原本与展演共存的特点,在建构主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆主体表现为官方与民间对文化意义的多元表达,在存在主义原真性视角下传统节庆集体记忆在主客互动中追求个体与社群的情感凝聚;(2)集体记忆通过代际传承影响内生地方认同,通过空间再生产塑造外生地方认同,通过主客互动形成内外共生的地方认同。研究结果丰富了影响地方认同的综合因素研究,发展了多元地方认同的内涵,厘清了集体记忆建构地方认同的作用机制,同时在实践上对充分发挥传统节庆作用,建设文化强国具有重要指导意义。Traditional festival is an important part of Chinese excellent culture.It is of great importance to study how traditional festivals affect the construction of local identity by evoking the collective memory of the public in the context of tourism for giving full play to the social functions of traditional festivals.This study took the traditional festival Da Wuliang Singing Festival in Hunan Province as an example.Through field investigation,semi-structured interview and participatory observation,this study discussed the construction and characteristics of the collective memory of traditional festivals from the perspective of authenticity,and analyzed the mechanism of collective memory on the construction of local identity on this basis.The research shows that:(1)From the perspective of authenticity,the construction of collective memory follows the analytical framework of subject,process and carrier.From the perspective of objectivism’s authenticity,the carrier of collective memory of traditional festivals presents the characteristics of coexistence of original and performance.From the perspective of constructivism’s authenticity,the subject of collective memory of traditional festivals is manifested as the pluralistic expression of cultural significance by official and folk.From the perspective of existentialism authenticity,collective memory in traditional festivals seeks emotional cohesion betweein individuals and communities through the interaction of subjects and objects.(2)Collective memory influences endogenous local identity through intergenerational transmission,shapes exogenous local identity through spatial reproduction,and forms internal and external symbiotic local identity through subject-object interaction.The research results theoretically enrich the perspective of comprehensive factors affecting local identity,develop the connotation of multiple local identity,clarify the mechanism of local identity construction from collective memory,and also have important practical guiding significance for

关 键 词：旅游情境 传统节庆 集体记忆 地方认同 原真性 

分 类 号：K892.24[历史地理—民俗学]