近代戏曲中“鸨母”的来源及相关问题  

A Tentative Discussion on the Source of“Baomu(鸨母)”in Traditional Chinese Opera and Related Problems

作　　者：王凤娇 Wang Fengjiao(School of Literature and Journalism,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第8期42-47,共6页Modern Chinese

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“《恒言录》等七种清代俗语辞书及其所收俗语词研究”(20YJC740058);2023年山东省高等学校优秀青年创新团队“近代山东戏曲方言俗语研究”(2023RW078)。

摘　　要：有关“鸨母”一词的来源,观点较多,其中以明代朱权鸨鸟善淫之说影响最大。经过相关文献的考证,并结合该鸟的实际状况,可以发现,鸨鸟并无善淫之性。实际上,“鸨母”来源于中国古代女教师的称谓“傅母”或“保母”。“鸨母”的其他变体,如“保儿”“薄母”“薄嬷”“波么”“博磨”“嫫”等,皆为“傅母”“保母”的不同记音形式。“卜儿”表示老妇人的用法,同样来自“保母”或“傅母”,只是限定语素进一步减少,外延进一步扩大,仅表示年纪较长的女性而已。There are many opinions about the origin of the word“baomu(鸨母)”,among which Zhu Quan’s saying that bustard is good at prostitution in Ming dynasty has the greatest influence.However,bustard birds are not good at sex,“baomu(鸨母)”actually comes from the title of“fumu(傅母)”or“baomu(保母)”of ancient female teachers in China.Other variants such as“bao’er(保儿)”,“bo’er(卜儿)”,“bomu(薄母)”,“bomo(薄嬷)”,“bomo(波么)”,“bomo(博磨)”,“bomo(■嫫)”and so on are all different phonetic forms of“fumu(傅母)”or“baomu(保母)”.The usage of“bo’er(卜儿)”to denote an old lady also originates from the word“baomu(保母)”or“fumu(傅母)”,it is due to the reduction of qualifying morphemes and the broadening of its scope that it now merely signifies a female of advanced age.

关 键 词：“鸨母” “卜儿” 近代戏曲 “傅母” “保母” 变体 记音形式 

分 类 号：H139[语言文字—汉语] I207.37[文学—中国文学]